|
Patient | Marker | Result | Biofluid | Reference |
|
ESRD with DM on dialysis ESRD without DM on dialysis CKD with DM CKD without DM Healthy controls | UA, SOD TAC, Px | ↓ UA in saliva after dialysis in CKD patients with or without DM | Unstimulated saliva (salivary flow rate) | 2007 nonsmokers [93] |
|
Predialysis CKD patients ESRD on dialysis | UA, TAC SOD, Px | ↓ UA and ↑ peroxidase in saliva of ESRD patients on dialysis vs. predialysis CKD patients | Unstimulated saliva (salivary flow rate) | 2008 nonsmokers [94] |
|
CKD patients ESRD on dialysis Healthy controls | NO | ↑ NO in saliva of CKD patients and ESRD on dialysis | Saliva | 2015 [89] |
|
ESRD on dialysis (more than 6 months) Healthy controls | NO | ↑ NO in saliva of ESRD patients ↓ NO in saliva after dialysis | Filtered saliva | 2018 nonsmokers [91] |
|
Pediatric patients with CKD Healthy controls | UA, CAT, SOD, Px, GSH, TAC, TOS, OSI, AGEs, AOPP, MDA | ↑ Concentrations of UA, SOD, GSH, AGEs, AOPP, and MDA in unstimulated and stimulated saliva of CKD patients vs. controls Salivary AOPP—robust marker of CKD | Unstimulated saliva Stimulated saliva (salivary flow rate) | 2018 [95] |
|
ESRD patients on dialysis Healthy controls | NO | ↑ NO in saliva of ESRD patients vs. controls ↓ NO in saliva after dialysis | Unstimulated saliva | 2018 nonsmokers [90] |
|
Pediatric patients with CKD Healthy controls | FRAP, UA UA-independent FRAP | ↑ FRAP in stimulated saliva and urine of CKD patients vs. controls | Unstimulated saliva Stimulated saliva Urine | 2019 [100] |
|
Liver transplantation patients Baseline 2 hours after graft reperfusion 24 hours after transplantation | MDA, H2O2 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α, 8-keto-prostaglandin F2α | ↑ Concentrations of all measured markers in patients with AKI following transplantation | Urine | 2014 [101] |
|