Dihydroartemisinin Modulates Apoptosis and Autophagy in Multiple Myeloma through the P38/MAPK and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathways

Figure 1

DHA has antimyeloma effects. (a) CCK-8 to test the inhibitory effect of DHA on MM cell proliferation. HMCLs were treated with different concentrations of DHA for 24, 48, and 72 h. (b) HMCLs were incubated with DHA or vehicle for 24 h and analyzed by flow cytometry. A representative flow cytometry analysis showing the apoptosis of HMCLs induced by DHA. The results summarizing at least three independent experiments are shown. Values are presented as the . (c) DHA treatment for 24 h significantly induces primary CD138+ plasma cell apoptosis (). Data are presented as the of at least three independent experiments. , , , .

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