Dihydroartemisinin Modulates Apoptosis and Autophagy in Multiple Myeloma through the P38/MAPK and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathways

Figure 2

DHA induces apoptosis through the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways in MM cells. (a) HMCLs were exposed to various concentrations of DHA for 24 h. The expression of the following apoptosis-related proteins was determined by western blot analysis: Bcl-xL, Bad, and Bax. (b) HMCLs were exposed to various concentrations of DHA for 24 h. The expression of the following apoptosis-related proteins was determined by western blot analysis: caspase-9, caspase-8, PARP, and caspase-3. Data are presented as the of at least three independent experiments.

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