Autophagy Triggered by Oxidative Stress Appears to Be Mediated by the AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in the Liver of Sleep-Deprived Rats

Figure 3

SD induced liver damage. Rats in four groups were challenged with SD or control. Serum ALT (a), AST (b), and ALP (c) levels were shown as ( for each group). MDA content (d), SOD activity (e), and GPx (f) activity in liver tissue were detected in the meantime (, for each group) and , based on the comparison with rats in the CC group. Histopathological changes were found in the rat liver on exposure to SD. Representative light microphotographs (magnitude 100x in (g–i) and 400x in (j–l)) of HE staining of liver: (g, j) control liver in the CC group; (h, k) liver in the SD1 group; (i. l) liver in the SD2 group.

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