Mild Oxidative Stress Reduces NRF2 SUMOylation to Promote Kras/Lkb1/Keap1 Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Migration and Invasion

Figure 2

Mild oxidative stress reduces NRF2 SUMOylation to induce KLK LUAD cell migration and invasion. (a) The migration and invasion of A549 cells treated with 0.5, 50, or 500 μΜ H₂O₂ individually for 12 h (3 replicates per group). (b) NRF2 expression in A549 cells treated with 0.5, 50, or 500 μΜ H₂O₂ for 12 h. Blots were quantified and normalized to β-actin expression. (c) NRF2 SUMOylation in A549-His-SUMO1 cells treated with 0.5 μΜ H₂O₂ for 12 h. SUMOylated proteins with His tag were purified from cell lysates using Ni²⁺-NTA agarose bead pull-down, and SUMOylated NRF2 was detected by immunoblotting with anti-NRF2 antibody. Blots were quantified and normalized to β-actin expression. (d) NRF2 SUMOylation in A549-His-SUMO1 cells treated with 50 or 500 μΜ H₂O₂ for 12 h. (e) The migration and invasion of A549-shNRF2+WT and A549-shNRF2+K110R cells treated with 0.5 μΜ H₂O₂ for 12 h (3 replicates per group). H₂O₂: hydrogen peroxide. , , and .

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