Andrographolide Exerts Antihyperglycemic Effect through Strengthening Intestinal Barrier Function and Increasing Microbial Composition of Akkermansia muciniphila

Figure 1

Purification and identification of andrographolide from A. paniculata. (a) The crude mixture was reextracted with petroleum ether twice and followed by ethyl acetate extraction. The ethyl acetate portion was analyzed by HPLC at 254 nm. (b) The fraction of 75-88 min in HSCCC separation was analyzed by HPLC at 254 nm. (c) The fraction of 75-88 min in HSCCC separation was evaporated and then washed with the solvent of ethyl acetate/methanol/water (1 : 2 : 4, ). (d) The andrographolide was isolated and was analyzed by HPLC at 254 nm. (e) HPLC analysis of the andrographolide of chromatographic grade at 254 nm. (f) Chemical structure of andrographolide. NMR spectrums of andrographolide, (g) ¹H NMR of andrographolide, and (h) ¹³C NMR of andrographolide.

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