|
Reference | Study characteristic | Therapeutic options | Primary endpoint |
|
Zhang X et al. [242] | Experimental study on animal models such as rat | Aspirin (platelet inhibitors) | Enhances the protection of Hsp90 from heat-stressed injury in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells through PI3K-Akt and PKM2 pathways |
Rodius et al. [263] | In vitro studies of mammalian cardiac cell models | Fisetin (plant polyphenol from the flavonoid group) | Reduction of ROS production, protects from DNA damage |
Verma et al. [265] | Experimental study on male albino Wistar rats | Morin (bioflavonoid) | Regulation of RISK/SAPK pathways |
Syeda et al. [266] | Experimental study on mice | Anthocyanidins (plant pigments) | Inhibition of ROS/p-JNK/Bcl-2 pathway |
Flather et al. Ambrosio et al. [223, 224] | Randomized trial in elderly patients with heart failure | Nebivolol (beta-1-selective blocker), beta(3)-adrenoreceptor agonistic effect | Stimulates eNOS, NO release, vasodilatation |
Mihai et al. [222] | Randomized trial in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction | Vericiguat (a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator) | Changes in the NT-proBNP level have not been achieved, but the phase III trial is ongoing |
McMurray et al. [226] | Randomized, double-blind trial in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction | Sacubitril/valsartan (NP degradation inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor inhibitor) vs. enalapril | Increase cGMP, vasodilatation |
Solomon et al. [227] | Randomized, double-blind study in a phase II trials, in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction | Sacubitril/valsartan (NP degradation inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor inhibitor) vs. valsartan | Changes in NT-proBNP |
Carmine et al. [228] | Randomized, prospective, single-blind, placebo-controlled fashion in patients who have chest pain and angiographically normal epicardial vessels | Ramipril (ACE inhibitor) and atorvastatin (statins) | Reduced SOD activity, low superoxide anion level |
Amir et al. [245] | Randomized study, double- blind in patients with patients without significant CAD on coronary angiography | L-arginine (substrate for NO synthase) | Improve endothelial function, increase NO and NO inhibits the production of endothelin via cGMP pathway |
Martin et al. [247] | Single-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial in patients with CMD | Atrasentan (ETA receptor antagonist) | Supports the role of the endogenous endothelin system |
|