New Approaches to Identify Sepsis Biomarkers: The Importance of Model and Sample Source for Mass Spectrometry

Table 4

Summary of the major differences between humans and the most used animal models of septic shock.

		Human	Mouse	Rat
		Heart rhythm		70 bpm	500-700 bpm	250-400 bpm
Respiratory rhythm		12-20/min	100-200/min	70-110/min
Surface ratio of small intestine/colon		18	400	400
Endotoxin		High sensitivity	High resistance	High resistance
Immune system	Main protein in acute phase	CRP	SAP	SAP
	Largest fraction of blood cells	Neutrophils	Lymphocytes	Lymphocytes
	Complement system	High plasma activity	Poor plasma activity	Poor plasma activity

Adapted from the work of Cavaillon et al. [62]. Bpm: beats per minute; CRP: C-reactive protein; SAP: serum amyloid protein.