Sustained Release of Melatonin from GelMA Liposomes Reduced Osteoblast Apoptosis and Improved Implant Osseointegration in Osteoporosis

Figure 3

GelMA-DOPA@MT promotes the differentiation of osteoblasts in vitro. (a) Representative images showing ARS and ALP staining, with red and black arrows indicating calcium nodules. Scale bar: 50 μm. (b, c) Quantitative analysis of ARS and ALP staining. per group, , , vs. the GelMA-DOPA@MT group. (d) Cell lysate was subjected to Western blotting with antibodies against the osteogenesis-specific proteins ALP, OCN, and Osterix. (e–g) Quantification of ALP, OCN, and Osterix protein levels, per group, , , vs. the GelMA-DOPA@MT group. (h, i) qPCR analysis of the expression of the osteogenic genes ALP, OCN, and Osterix in the experimental group, per group, , , vs. the GelMA-DOPA@MT group.

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