Sustained Release of Melatonin from GelMA Liposomes Reduced Osteoblast Apoptosis and Improved Implant Osseointegration in Osteoporosis

<div>Fluorescence staining of tissue sections was used to analyze the effect of GelMA-DOPA@MT on osteoblast apoptosis around the implant. (a) Representative images showing cells stained for the osteogenic gene RUX2 (green), apoptosis (red), and nuclei (blue) observed by confocal microscopy. (b) Representative images showing cells stained for the osteogenic gene ALP (green), apoptosis (red), and nuclei (blue) observed by confocal microscopy. The red arrow indicates the apoptotic region during osteogenesis. Scale bar: 50 <i>μ</i>m. (c) Percent of positive cells of RNX2. (d) Ratio of Tunel/RUX2. (e) Percent of positive cells of ALP. (f) Ratio of Tunel/ALP. <svg height="8.55521pt" id="M123" style="vertical-align:-0.2063904pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.34882 27.8368 8.55521" width="27.8368pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M495 86L479 114C446 82 419 66 409 66C401 66 401 72 406 97C420 166 436 231 453 297C489 435 454 448 428 448C406 448 384 439 354 422C305 394 222 327 161 247H159L183 345C200 415 194 448 173 448C143 448 82 410 23 351L38 325C64 349 95 371 105 371C111 371 116 365 109 336L25 -4L31 -12C50 -4 77 3 107 9C119 69 132 122 145 168C197 254 321 381 370 381C387 381 393 374 378 305L329 95C309 17 320 -12 345 -12C372 -12 430 19 495 86Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.158,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,21.421,0)"><path d="M137 343C167 482 260 545 321 574C357 591 397 603 429 609L423 641C382 634 335 622 295 608C189 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Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

fig9

Figure 9

Figure 9: Sustained Release of Melatonin from GelMA Liposomes Reduced Osteoblast Apoptosis and Improved Implant Osseointegration in Osteoporosis 