Sustained Release of Melatonin from GelMA Liposomes Reduced Osteoblast Apoptosis and Improved Implant Osseointegration in Osteoporosis

Scheme 1

Schematic diagram: the mechanism by which GelMA-DOPA@MT promotes bone regeneration. The continuous melatonin release system is injected around the site where Ti implants are inserted into the bone. This system gradually degrades and releases melatonin, promoting the formation of the new bone around Ti implants.