Combination of Dichloroacetate and Atorvastatin Regulates Excessive Proliferation and Oxidative Stress in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Development via p38 Signaling

Figure 2

Cell proliferation and macrophage infiltration in PAH were reduced by dichloroacetate and atorvastatin combination treatment. (a, b) Representative immunohistochemistry images of proliferation and inflammation status of each group. Arrows indicate morphological structures of pulmonary arteries after indicated treatment. Scale bars, 100 μm. (c, d) Semiquantitative (c) Ki67- and (d) CD68-positive cells in high-resolution fields of view (). and indicate and , respectively, comparing the control group; ^#, ^##, and ^### indicate , , and , respectively, comparing the MCT group.