Remote Ischaemic Preconditioning Reduces Kidney Injury Biomarkers in Patients Undergoing Open Surgical Lower Limb Revascularisation: A Randomised Trial
Table 1
Baseline and surgery characteristics.
RIPC ()
Sham ()
value
Age, years (SD)
67 (10)
66 (10)
0.625
Female, (%)
3 (11%)
10 (36%)
0.058
Current smoker, (%)
19 (68%)
15 (54%)
0.412
Diabetes, (%)
2 (7%)
6 (21%)
0.252
ACEI or ARB, (%)
10
16
0.180
Calcium channel blockers, (%)
6
9
0.546
Contrast days before surgery or ≤24 h after surgery, (%)
17 (61%)
17 (61%)
1
Infusion during surgery, median (IQR)
1100 (1000−1525)
1150 (1000−1500)
0.622
Administration of propofol during surgery, (%)
7 (25%)
12 (43%)
0.259
Fontaine class 2
10 (36%)
10 (36%)
1
Fontaine class 3
8 (29%)
9 (32%)
1
Fontaine class 4
8 (29%)
6 (21%)
0.546
Unclassifiable by Fontaine classification
1 (4%)
3 (11%)
0.604
Femoropopliteal bypass
14 (50%)
14 (50%)
1
Femoral artery endarterectomy
4 (14%)
4 (14%)
1
Aortobifemoral bypass
6 (21%)
5 (18%)
1
Other peripheral vascular surgery (iliofemoral and femorofemoral bypass)
0 (0%)
2 (7%)
0.472
Redo vascular surgery
4 (14%)
3 (11%)
1
: number of patients; SD: standard deviation; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blocker; Fontaine class: peripheral artery disease class according to Fontaine classification; IQR: interquartile range.
