Roles of TRP Channels in Neurological Diseases

Table 1

Evidence of proposed functions of TRPs and possible relationships to disorders in animals.

TRP channels		Evidence of expression	Proposed functions	Related disorders	References
TRPC subfamily	TRPC1	Dog brain and basilar artery	Vasospasm induced by endothelin-1 after SAH	SAH	[80]
	TRPC3	Rat cortical astrocytes	Activation and perihematomal accumulation of astrocytes; contribution to brain damage after ICH	Hemorrhagic stroke	[76, 77]
		Rat immature and dysplastic cortex; rat pyramidal cells and dentate granule cells	Low Ca^+ and low Mg^+-induced depolarization and epileptiform activity; contribution to neuronal death and epileptogenic insults after SE	Epilepsy	[100, 101]
	TRPC4	Rat striatal and hippocampal neurons	Upregulated expression with unknown function after ischemia	Ischemic stroke	[59]
		Dog brain and basilar artery	Vasospasm induced by endothelin-1 after SAH	SAH	[80]
	TRPC6	Rat/mouse cortical neurons	Protection against neuronal death after ischemia	Ischemic stroke	[55–58]
		Rat pyramidal cells and dentate granule cells	Inhibition of seizure susceptibility and neuronal vulnerability	Epilepsy	[101]
TRPV subfamily	TRPV1	Mouse brain	Reduced neurological and motor deficits and infarct volume in Trpv1 knockout mice after ischemia	Ischemic stroke	[70]
		Rat substantia nigra pars compacta astrocytes	Rescue of the active degeneration of dopamine neurons via endogenous production of ciliary neurotrophic factor	PD	[96, 97]
		Mouse hippocampal glia and neurons	Contribution to epileptiform activity and electrographic seizures	Epilepsy	[102, 103]
		Rat	Schizophrenia-like changes in the brain via intrinsic sensory deprivation induced by a TRPV1 activator	Schizophrenia	[107]
	TRPV4	Rat hippocampal astrocytes and neurons	Contribution to astrogliosis and neuronal death after ischemia	Ischemic stroke	[72–75]
		Rat brain	Contribution to neuronal death, brain edema, and blood-brain barrier disruption after ICH	Hemorrhagic stroke	[78]
TRPM subfamily	TRPM2	Rat microglia; mouse microglia and cortical neurons	Activation of microglia and the consequent injury and inflammation after ischemia; contribution to neuron and brain damage specifically in male after ischemia	Ischemic stroke	[61, 62]
		Rat cortex and hippocampus	Upregulated expression with unknown function after TBI; possible involvement in TBI-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and calcium entry	TBI	[81, 82]
		Mouse brain	Contribution to Aβ- and H2O2-induced neuronal toxicity and cell death	AD	[90]
		Rat nigral dopaminergic neurons	Changes in neuronal excitability and calcium homeostasis	PD	[94, 95]
		Mouse hippocampal neurons and ventricle cells	Contribution to the expression of JME phenotypes by mediating cell death	Epilepsy	[106]
		Mouse	BD-like changes in behavior and mood in TRPM2-deficient mice	BD	[109]
	TRPM4	Rat (ectopic expression in capillaries)	Upregulated expression in vascular endothelium to contribute to capillary death after ischemia	Ischemic stroke	[69]
			Disruption of capillary structural integrity and initiation of secondary hemorrhage after SCI	SCI	[83]
	TRPM7	Mouse brain	Contribution to excitotoxic cell death after ischemia	Ischemic stroke	[67]
TRPA subfamily	TRAP1	Mouse brain	Impediment to AD progression	AD	[93]