Research Article
Cornelian Cherry Iridoid-Polyphenolic Extract Improves Mucosal Epithelial Barrier Integrity in Rat Experimental Colitis and Exerts Antimicrobial and Antiadhesive Activities In Vitro
Table 4
The impact of cornelian cherry iridoid-polyphenolic extract and loganic acid on macroscopic damage of colon tissues and microscopic damage of colon tissues in HE and Giemsa staining in experimental groups. Control = control group; TNBS = group receiving only TNBS; CE20, CE100 = groups receiving 20 or 100 mg/kg cornelian cherry extract with TNBS, respectively; LA10, LA50 = groups receiving 10 or 50 mg/kg loganic acid with TNBS, respectively; SA = group receiving 100 mg/kg sulfasalazine with TNBS; CE20+SA, CE100+SA = groups receiving 20 or 100 mg/kg cornelian cherry extract and 100 mg/kg sulfasalazine with TNBS, respectively; and LA10+SA, LA50+SA = groups receiving 10 or 50 mg/kg loganic acid and 100 mg/kg sulfasalazine with TNBS, respectively. Scoring scale of macroscopic evaluation of colonic tissue damage: 0 = no damage; 1 = hyperemia, no ulcers; 2 = linear ulcer with no significant inflammation; 3 = linear ulcer with inflammation at one site; 4 = two or more sites of ulceration or inflammation and ulceration or inflammation extending <1 cm; and 5 = two or more major sites of ulceration or inflammation extending >1 cm along the length of the colon. Microscopic evaluation of colonic tissue damage in HE staining: in the mucosal epithelium and lamina propria: ulceration (0–4), mononuclear cell infiltration (0–3), and polymorphonuclear cell infiltration (0–3); in the submucosa: edema (0–3), mononuclear cell infiltration (0–3), and polymorphonuclear cell infiltration (0–3); and in the muscular layer: mononuclear cell infiltration (0–3) and polymorphonuclear cell infiltration (0–3). Scoring scale: 0 = none; 1 = mild; 2 = moderate; 3 = severe; and 4 = full-thickness; maximum score: 25. Microscopic evaluation of colonic tissue damage in Giemsa staining: 0 = no changes; 1 = few inflammatory cells in the lamina propria; 2 = increased number of inflammatory cells including neutrophils in the lamina propria; 3 = accumulation of inflammatory cells reaching the submucosa; and 4 = transmural infiltration of inflammatory cells. Data are presented as . Differences ^^ vs. the control group; ^^^ vs. the control group; vs. the TNBS group; and vs. the TNBS group were deemed statistically significant.
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