Downregulated Recycling Process but Not De Novo Synthesis of Glutathione Limits Antioxidant Capacity of Erythrocytes in Hypoxia

Figure 1

Loss of RBC membrane free thiol and increased oxidative stress injury in RBC preparations exposed to oxidative stress. (a) Levels of membrane free thiol in normoxic and hypoxic RBCs following gradient concentration HX/XO treatment (45 min exposure). (b) Levels of membrane free thiol in normoxic and hypoxic RBCs following gradient time HX/XO treatment (1.5 mM HX; 0.4 U/ml XO). (c–e) Levels of ROS, MDA, and MetHb in normoxic and hypoxic RBCs after HX/XO exposure (1.5 mM HX; 0.4 U/ml XO; 30 min). (f and g) The representative normoxic and hypoxic RBC photos were obtained using a scanning electron microscope; the percentages of dysmorphic RBCs are shown. Green arrows indicate dysmorphic RBCs. . (h and i) SDS-PAGE analyses of erythrocyte membrane proteins; the densitometric analyses of the HMW band (>250 kDa) are shown. Data represent the of at least three independent experiments. and for normoxic or hypoxic RBCs vs. corresponding RBCs with HX/XO exposure. ^# for normoxic RBCs vs. corresponding hypoxic RBCs.

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