| | Reference | Plant extract, dose, way and time of treatment, and animals | Inducing factor and negative effects | Protective effects of plant material | Effects of plant per se |
| | Choudhary et al. [49] | Spinacia oleracea leaf ethanol extract
250 or 500 mg/kg/day, for 28 days, p.o.
Healthy and pathogen-free female Sprague-Dawley rats, 4–16 weeks, 180-200 g | Osteoarthritis, induced by monosodium iodoacetate, a single injection of 3 mg through the intra-articular joint of the left knee
Serum: GST, COMP ↑
Urine: CTX-II ↑
Isolated bone region containing cartilage and sub-chondral bone: relative mRNA expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, COL10, MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13 ↑, relative mRNA expression of BMP2, COL2, AGGRECAN, TIMP1, TIMP2 ↓ | Serum: COMP (+ 250, ++ 500), GST (++ both doses)
Urine: CTX-II (+ 250, ++ 500)
Isolated bone region containing cartilage and sub-chondral bone: relative mRNA expression of TNF-α and MMP-13 (+ 250, ++ 500); relative mRNA expression of IL-1β, COL10, MMP-1, MMP-3 (++ both doses); relative mRNA expression of BMP2, COL2 and TIMP1 (0 250, ++ 500), relative mRNA expression of TIMP2 and AGGRECAN (++ both doses) | Not studied |
| | Jeong et al. [48] | Morus alba L. leaf water extract
100 mg/kg, p.o., once per day for 3 weeks
Male Sprague Dawley rats, 180-240 g, 5-week-old | Osteoarthritis, induced by monosodium iodoacetate, a single injection 3 mg/kg into the right knee joint
Serum: IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, INF-γ, NO, PGE2, COMP, CTX-II ↑
Articular cartilage: expression of MMP-13 ↑ | Serum: INF-γ (0), IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, NO, PGE2,
CTX-II, COMP (++)
Articular cartilage: expression of MMP-13 (++) | Articular cartilage: a slight increase in MMP-13 expression |
| | Sundaram et al. [55] | Guggulipid, an ethyl acetate extract rich in lipids from Commiphora whighitii gum resin, obtained by extraction of guggulu oleoresin (NKCA pharmacy, Musurum India)
50 or 100 mg/kg/day, for 15 days, p.o.
Adult Wistar rats, 10-week-old | Experimental arthritis induced by 100 μL of FCA (Freund’s complete adjuvant containing 10 mg/mL heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis) injected at the back surface of right hind paw, s.c.
Blood: WBC ↑, RBC, HGB, PLT ↓
Serum: expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13 ↑
Serum: ALT AST, SOD, CAT and GST ↑
Liver and spleen: ROS, hydroperoxides, LPO, PC, NO2-, GSSG, SOD, CAT, GST ↑, GSH, GPx, GR ↓
Ankle joint homogenate: ACP, ALP ↑ | Blood: HGB (0 50, ++ 100), WBC, RBC (++ both doses), PLT (++ 50, +++ 100)
Serum: MMP-1 (+ 50, +++ 100), MMP-3 (+ 50, ++ 100), MMP-9 (++ 50, +++ 100), MMP-13 (+++ both doses)
Serum: ALT, AST, CAT (++ 50, +++ 100), SOD and GST (+++ both doses)
Liver: ROS, hydroperoxides, GPx, CAT (++ both doses), LPO, PC, NO2-, SOD, GSH, GSSG and GR (++ 50, +++ 100)
Spleen: ROS, hydroperoxides (++ both doses), LPO, PC, NO2-, GR, GSH, GSSG (++ 50, +++ 100), SOD, CAT, GST (+++ both doses)
Ankle joint homogenate: ACP (+ 50, ++ 100), ALP (++ both doses) | Not studied |
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