| | Reference | Plant extract, dose, way and time of treatment, and animals | Disorder, inducing factor, and negative effects | Protective effects of plant material | Effects of plant per se |
| | Hritcu et al. [32] | Piper nigrum fruits methanolic extract 50 or 100 mg/kg, p.o., daily, for 21 days
Male Wistar rats, 3 month-old, about 250 g | Animal model of Alzheimer’s disease
400 pmol Aβ (1–42), i.c.v., 20 days prior to methanolic extract
Amygdala: GPx, GSH ↓, CAT, PC, MDA ↑ | The lower dose:
Bilateral amygdala: GPx ↑, GSH (0), PC and CAT ↓, MDA (+++)
The higher dose: MDA, PC, CAT ↓, GSH (++), GPx (+++) | Not studied |
| | Malik et al. [39] | Celastrus paniculatus seed ethanol extract
Pretreatment for 6 days 100 or 200 mg/kg, p.o., and then treatment concomitantly with 3-nitropropionic acid
Male Wistar rats, 220–250 g | 3-Nitropropionic acid-induced Huntington’s disease symptoms, 10 mg/kg, i.p., for 14 days
Body weight ↓
Striatum: MDA, NO2- ↑, CAT, SOD, GSH ↓
Cortex: MDA, NO2- ↑, CAT, SOD, GSH ↓ | Body weight: (++ both doses)
Striatum: MDA, NO2-, CAT, SOD, GSH (++ both doses)
Cortex: MDA, NO2-, CAT, SOD, GSH (++ both doses) | Not studied |
| | Chonpathompikunlert et al. [31] | Apium graveolens L., 70% methanolic extract
125, 250, and 375 mg/kg b.w., p.o., for 21 days
Male C57BL/6 mice, 2 months, 25–30 g | Parkinson’s disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, 15 mg/kg per day, i.p., divided into 4 injections at 2 h intervals on a single day
Cortex: MDA, MAO-A, MAO-B ↑, GPx ↓
Striatum: MDA, MAO-A, MAO-B ↑, GPx ↓ | The lowest dose:
Cortex and striatum: MAO-A, GPx (0), MDA, MAO-B (++)
The middle dose:
Cortex: MAO-B MAO-A, GPx (++), MDA (+++)
Striatum: MAO-B MAO-A, GPx and MDA (++)
The highest dose:
Cortex: MDA, MAO-B, MAO-A and GPx (+++)
Striatum:
MDA ↓, MAO-B, MAO-A, GPx (+++) | Not studied |
| | Wang et al. [38] | Rhizoma drynariae (a commercial product) made from dried roots of Drynaria fortunei water extract
20 mg/kg p.o., daily, for 14 or 28 days
Male Sprague-Dawley rats, about 250 g | Controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of traumatic brain injury
Plasma: IL-6 after 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days ↑
Brain: microglial activation after 1, 3, 7, and 14 days ↑ | Plasma: IL-6 (0 after 3 and 7 days, ++ after 1 day, +++ after 14, 21, and 28 days)
Brain: microglial activation (0 after 1 day, ++ after 3, 7, and 14 days) | Not studied |
| | Xu et al. [60] | Rhubarb (three species are assigned as official Rhubarb, i.e., Rheum palmatum L., Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Balf., and Rheum officinale Baill), a commercial product, water extract
3, 6, 12 g/kg of Rhubarb p.o., after trauma
Male Sprague-Dawley rats, 200-300 g sacrificed 8, 16, or 24 hours after Rhubarb | Controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of traumatic brain injury
Brain 8 h after Rhubarb: MDA ↑, SOD, CAT, GSH/GSSG ↓
Brain 16 h after Rhubarb: MDA ↑, SOD, CAT, GSH/GSSG ↓
Brain 24 h after Rhubarb: MDA ↑, SOD, CAT, GSH/GSSG ↓ | Brain 8 h after Rhubarb: MDA and CAT (0 3 and 6, ++ 12), SOD (0 3, + 6, ++ 12), GSH/GSSG (+3, ++ 6, +++12)
Brain 16 h after Rhubarb: MDA (0 3, ++ 6 and 12), SOD (++3 and 6, +++ 12), CAT (0 3, ++ 6 and 12), GSH/GSSG (0 3, + 6, ++12)
Brain 24 h after Rhubarb: MDA (++ 3 and 6, +++ 12), SOD (+ 3, ++ 6, +++ 12), CAT (0 3, ++ 6 and 12), GSH/GSSG (+ 3, ++ 6, +++ 12) | Not studied |
| | Lin et al. [113] | Uncaria hirsuta 95% ethanol and water extracts of stems with hooks
80 mg/kg/day p.o. for 4 or 8 weeks
Male BALB/c mice, 8 week-old | D-Galactose-induced neurotoxicity (12 g in 100 mL of normal saline)
0.1 mL per 10 g of weight, s.c. once a day, for 4 or 8 weeks
Plasma 4 weeks: MDA ↑
Plasma 8 weeks: MDA ↑
Brain 8 weeks: MDA ↑ | Ethanol extract:
Plasma MDA: 4 weeks (++), 8 weeks (+++)
Brain MDA: 8 weeks: (++)
Water extract:
Plasma MDA: 4 weeks (++); 8 weeks (+++)
Brain MDA: 8 weeks (++) | Not studied |
| | Mohale et al. [111] | Nerium indicum flowers ethyl acetate extract
200 and 400 mg/kg, once daily p.o.
Male Sprague-Dawley rats, 200–250 g | Anxiety induced by 21-day isolation in dark room
Blood: LPO ↑, SOD, CAT, GSH ↓
Brain: LPO ↑, SOD, CAT, GSH ↓ | Blood: GSH (+ both doses), SOD (++ both doses), CAT (++ 200, +++ 400), LPO (+++ both doses);
Brain: CAT (++) both doses, SOD and GSH (++ 200, +++ 400), LPO (+++ both doses) | Not studied |
| | Wu et al. [112] | Malva sylvestris L. leaf and flower 95% methanol extract
250 mg/kg per day, i.g., for 7 days
Adult SPF-grade mice | Lipopolysaccharide-induced depression
250 μg/kg i.p., a day before treatment (prior to injection sulindac sulfide 3.75 or 7.5 mg/kg for >3 weeks)
Cortex: astrogliosis, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α ↑, number of survival neurons ↓
Hippocampus: astrogliosis, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α ↑, number of survival neurons ↓ | Cortex: number of survival neurons, astrogliosis, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α (++)
Hippocampus: number of survival neurons, astrogliosis, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α (++) | Not studied |
|
|
