| | Reference | Plant extract, dose, way and time of treatment, and animals | Inducing factor and negative effects | Protective effects of plant material | Effects of plant per se |
| | Ben Salem et al. [128] | Cynara scolymus leaves
75% ethanol extract
200 or 400 mg/kg b.w. daily, p.o., for 28 days
Male Wistar rats, 10-12-week-old, 160–200 g | Alloxan monohydrate-induced diabetes, a single dose 150 mg/kg b.w., i.p.
Body weight gain: ↓
Blood glucose: ↑
Serum: α-amylase, pancreatic lipase, ALT, AST, ALP, urea, CR ↑
Plasma: TG, TC, LDL-c ↑, HDL-c ↓
Blood: RBC, WBC, HGB, PLT ↓
Liver: SOD, CAT, GSH ↓, MDA, AOPP ↑
Pancreas: SOD, CAT, GSH ↓, MDA, AOPP ↑
Kidney: SOD, CAT, GSH ↓, MDA, AOPP ↑ | Body weight gain: (+++ both doses)
Blood glucose: (+++ 200, ++ 400)
Serum: ALP (++ both doses), urea (++ 200, +++ 400), CR (+++ 200, ++ 400), ALT, AST, α-amylase, pancreatic lipase (+++ both doses)
Plasma: TG, TC, LDL-c, HDL-c (+++ both doses)
Blood: WBC (0 200, ++ 400), PLT (++ both doses), RBC and HGB (+++ both doses)
Liver: MDA, SOD, CAT, AOPP (+++ both doses), GSH (+++ 200, ↑ 400)
Pancreas: SOD (++ both doses), MDA, CAT (+++ 200, ++ 400), GSH, AOPP (+++ both doses)
Kidney: SOD (+ 200, ++ 400), CAT (+++ 200, ++ 400), GSH, MDA, AOPP (+++ both doses) | Not studied |
| | Dra et al. [127] | Caralluma europaea aerial part extract obtained by successive extraction with dichloromethane and methanol
250 or 500 mg/kg b.w., p.o., a single dose, followed for 10 h
Swiss albino mice, 8 weeks | Alloxan monohydrate-induced diabetes type 1, a single dose of 200 mg/kg b.w., i.p.
Blood: glucose ↑
Islets diameter: ↓ | The lower dose:
Blood glucose: after 2, 4, and 6 h (++), after8 h (+++) and after 10 h (↓); islet diameter (++)
The higher dose:
Blood glucose: after 2 (++), after 4 and 6 h (+++), after 8 and 10 h (↓) | Not studied |
| | Silva et al. [59] | Musa × paradisiaca L. green banana pasta
Commercial feed containing 25, 50, or 75% of green banana pasta, for 12 weeks
Male Wistar rats, 6-8 weeks old, 180-300 g | Alloxan-induced diabetes, type 1, i.p., a single dose of 150 mg/kg
Serum: glucose, ALT, AST, TC, TG, fructosamine ↑
Liver: total lipids, LPO and PC ↑
Kidney: PC ↑ | Serum: AST (0 all doses), glucose, fructosamine (+ 25 and 50, +++ 75), TC (0 25, +++ 50, 0 75), ALT (0 25, +++ 50 and 75), TG (+++ all doses)
Liver: total lipids (+ 25 and 50, +++ 75), LPO (0 25, +++ 50, ↓ 75), PC (0 25, ++ 50, +++ 75)
Kidney: PC (0 25, +++ 50, ↓ 75) | Not studied |
| | Du et al. [66] | Polysaccharide separated from Lycium barbarum
100, 250, or 500 mg/kg, p.o., for 4 weeks
Male Sprague Dawley rats 8 weeks old, 180–220 g | High-fat diet for 8 weeks and then diabetes induced by streptozotocin injection, 30 mg/kg for a week
Fasting blood glucose: ↑
Serum: insulin, SOD, GPx ↓, BUN, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, INF-α, MCP-1, ICAM-1 ↑
Urine: ALB ↑ | Fasting blood glucose: (+ 100, ++ 250, and 500)
Serum: INF-α (0 100 and 250, ++ 500), insulin, IL-2, ICAM-1 (0 100, + 250, ++ 500), SOD, TNF-α, BUN (0 100, + 250, +++ 500), GPx, IL-6 (0 100, +++ 250 and 500), MCP-1 (+ 250, +++ 250 and 500)
Urine: ALB (+ 250, ++ 250 and 500) | Not studied |
| | Wattanathorn et al. [42] | The combination of 50% hydroalcoholic extracts of Mangifera indica L. seeds and Polygonum odoratum L. aerial parts prepared at a ratio 1 : 5
2, 10, or 50 mg/kg b.w., daily, for 10 weeks
Male Wistar rats, 180–220 g | Diabetes cataract and retinopathy induced by a single injection of streptozotocin
55 mg/kg b.w.
Blood glucose after 5 and 10 weeks ↑
Grade of cataract severity ↑
Total retinal thickness ↓
Lens: SOD, CAT, GPx ↓, MDA, VEGF, ERK1/2, p38MAPK, AR ↑
Lens: opacity index ↑ | Blood glucose after 5 weeks: (+ 2 and 50, ++ 10)
Blood glucose after 10 weeks: (+ 2, 0 10, - 50)
Total retinal thickness: (++ 2 and 10, 0 50)
Grade of cataract severity: (++ all doses)
Lens: SOD (++ 2, + 10, - 50), MDA (++ 2 and 10, 0 50), GPx (+ 2 and 50, ++ 10), CAT, AR, ERK1/2, p38MAPK (++ all doses), VEGF (+ 2, ++ 10, +++ 50)
Lens: opacity index (++ all doses) | Not studied |
| | Balbaa et al. [57] | Nigella sativa seed oil
2.0 mL/kg b.w., i.g., for 21 days after diabetes development
Male Wistar rats, about 125 g | Type 2 diabetes induced by a high-fat diet for 2 weeks, followed by a single injection of streptozotocin 35 mg/kg, i.p.
Serum: TNF-α, IL-6, AGE ↑
Brain: TBARS, XO, NO, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS, AGE, AChE, Aβ-42, IDE ↑, GSH, GPx, GST, SOD, glucose ↓ | Serum: TNF-α, IL-6 (+++), AGE ↓
Brain: AChE (↓), TBARS, XO, IL-6, IL-1β (++), NO, TNF-α, iNOS, GSH, GST, SOD, AGE, Aβ-42, IDE, glucose (+++), GPx (↑) | Serum: IL-6 and AGE ↓
Brain: AChE and Aβ-42 ↓, TBARS, NO, IDE, GPx, GST, SOD ↑ |
| | Fajri et al. [131] | Equisetum arvense aerial parts, methanolic extract
250 or 500 mg/kg b.w., daily p.o., for 45 days after diabetes inducing
Male mice, 6-8 weeks | Streptozotocin-induced diabetes,
50 mg/kg b.w. i.p., for 5 days
Sperm: viability, motility ↓, percentage of morphological abnormalities, DNA damage and nuclear immaturity ↑ | The lower dose: viability, percentage of morphological abnormalities and DNA damage (++), motility and percentage of nuclear immaturity (+++)
The higher dose: viability, motility (++), percentage of morphological abnormalities, DNA damage and nuclear immaturity (+++) | Not studied |
| | Khanra et al. [129] | Abroma augusta L. leaf methanol extract
100 or 200 mg/kg, p.o., daily for 4 weeks
Male Wistar rats, 2–3-month-old, about 180 g | Type 2 diabetes induced by a single injection of streptozotocin 65 mg/kg i.p., 15 min later nicotinamide 110 mg/kg, i. p.
Fasting blood glucose: ↑
Serum: HDL-c, insulin ↓, TC, TG, HbA1c, ALT, AST, urea, LDH, CK, CRP ↑
Kidney: DNA fragmentation, ROS, TBARS, PC, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, ↑, total coenzymes Q9 and Q10, GSH, CAT, SOD, GST, GPx, GR, G6PD, ATP, Bcl-2/Bax ↓
Kidney: expression of NF-κB,
PKC (α, β, δ, ε), caspase 3, caspase 9 ↑
Heart: ROS, TBARS, PC, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, GPx, GR, DNA fragmentation ↑, total coenzymes Q9 and Q10, GSH, CAT, SOD, GST, G6PD, ATP, Bcl-2/Bax ↓
Heart: expression of NF-κB, caspase 3, caspase 9, PKC (α, β, δ, ε) ↑ | Fasting blood glucose: (++ both doses
Serum: TC, TG, HbA1c, ALT, AST, urea, LDH, CK, CRP, insulin (++ both doses), HDL-c (++ 100, +++ 200)
Kidney: ROS, TBARS, PC, total coenzyme Q9, SOD, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, DNA fragmentation, ATP and Bcl-2/Bax (++ both doses), total coenzyme Q10, GSH, GST, GPx, GR, G6PD (++ 100, +++ 200), CAT (+++ both doses)
Kidney: expression of NF-κB, PKC (α, β, δ, ε), caspase 3, caspase 9 (++ both doses)
Heart: ROS, TBARS, PC, GSH, CAT, SOD, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, ATP, Bcl-2/Bax, DNA fragmentation (++ both doses), GST, G6PD (++ 100, +++ 200), total coenzymes Q9 and Q10 (+++ both doses), GPx, GR (↑ both doses)
Heart: expression of PKC (α, β, δ, ε), caspase 3, caspase 9 (++ both doses), NF-κB (+++ both doses) | Not studied |
| | Omodanisi et al. [130] | Moringa oleifera leaf extract obtained by successive extraction with n-hexane and 80% methanol, 250 mg/kg b.w., p.o., for 6 weeks
Male Wistar rats, 10 weeks | Streptozotocin-induced diabetes, a single dose of 55 mg/kg, i.p.
Plasma: glucose ↑
Serum: TP, ALB ↓
Kidney: weight and relative weight ↑
Kidney: GPx, SOD slightly ↓, CAT ↓, TNF-α slightly↑,
MDA, IL-6 ↑ | Plasma: glucose (++)
Serum: ALB (+), TP (+++)
Kidney: weight and relative weight (++)
Kidney: GPx (-), CAT (0), TNF-α, IL-6 (+), SOD (++), MDA (+++) | Plasma: glucose ↓
Serum: TP, ALB ↑
Kidney: SOD ↑, GPx, IL-6, TNF-α ↓ |
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