Nigella sativa L. seeds essential oil, 5 mL/kg b.w. from 1st to 28th or from 15th to 28th days, p.o. Male Wistar rats, 120-130 g
Lithiasis induced by 0.75% ethylene glycol (EG) and 1.0% ammonium chloride in drinking water for 28 days, first 3 days both, then only EG, for 25 days Body weight: ↓ Urine: Mg, Ca ↓, oxalate, UA, phosphate ↑ Serum: CR, UA, BUN ↑ Kidney: oxalate, Ca, phosphate ↑
From 1st to 28th Body weight: (++) Urine: Ca, Mg, oxalate, UA, phosphate (++) Serum: CR, UA, BUN (++) Kidney: oxalate, Ca, phosphate (++) From 15st to 28th Body weight: (++) Urine: Ca, Mg, oxalate, UA, phosphate (++) Serum: CR (+), UA, BUN (++) Kidney: oxalate, Ca, phosphate (++) The latter treatment showed worse effects
Lycium barbarum fruit water extracts Blended: particles Submicron: particles Dietary pretreatment: 250 mg/kg for 54 days, p.o. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, 8–10 week, 200-300 g
Retinal degeneration induced by white cool light, the intensity 1,400–1,500 lux for 2 days, 12 h light/12 h dark cycle Retinal thickness: ↓ Retina: GSSG+GSH ↓, MDA↑
Chrysanthellum americanum polyphenolic (butanol) fraction of 80% ethanolic extract 100 mg/kg b.w., i.g., 2 days during and 4 days after stress paradigm Female Wistar rats about 200 g
Irritable bowel syndrome animal model induced by multifactorial stress exposure paradigm for 7 days Temporal lobe: SOD and GPx ↓, MDA ↑
Euphorbia retusa leaf methanol extract Pretreatment 200 mg/kg, p.o. Swiss albino mice, 20–30 g
Inflammation, induced by 1% carrageenan (in 0.9%NaCl) injection of 100 μL into the subplantar region of the right hind paw Hind paw: MDA↑, SOD, CAT, GPx ↓ Liver: SOD, CAT, GPx ↓
Crataegus orientalis M Bieber. fruit 70% ethanol extract 100 mg/kg/day, orogastrically, at placement of the ligature, for 11 days Male Wistar rats, aged 4 months, about 340 g
Periodontitis caused by submerging a 4/0 silk ligature in the sulcus of the mandibular right first molars of rats, kept subgingivally for a period of 11 days Serum: TOS, OSI ↑, TAS ↓ Interdental area between first and second molars: inflammatory cells, osteoclasts, osteoblasts ↑
Serum: TOS, OSI, TAS (+++) Interdental area between first and second molars: osteoblasts (0), inflammatory cells and osteoclasts (++)
Azima tetracantha root 95% ethanol extract Pretreatment 250 or 500 mg/kg, p.o., 60 min prior to glycerol Male Wistar albino rats, 150-250 g
Acute renal failure caused by hypertonic glycerol, a single dose of 8 mL/kg, i.m., into both hind limbs Serum: CR, BUN ↑, TP, ALB ↓ Urine output: ↓ Kidney: SOD, GSH, GR, GPx, CAT ↓
Salicornia europaea water extract 1400 mg/kg/day p.o., for 6 weeks Male rats: spontaneous hypertensive (SHR) rats and Sprague-Dawley, 6 weeks, about 200 g
Vascular dysfunction and hypertension, NaCl-induced, 800 mg/kg/day, p.o. for 6 weeks SD rats: systolic and diastolic pressure ↑ SHR rats: systolic and diastolic pressure ↑
Fermented papaya extracts (obtained by fermentation of papaya through Aspergillus oryzae for 3 months and then for 3 months using Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts) 30, 15 or 5 mL/kg. p.o., days 1–30 Female SPF Sprague-Dawley rats, 180–200 g, 7-8 weeks
Mammary gland hyperplasia induced by estrogen and progestin, 0.5 mg/kg of estradiol benzoate Days 1-25 and 4 mg/kg of progestin days 26 – 30, i.m. Serum: E2, progesterone, LH, FSH, MDA, AST, total bilirubin ↑; GPx, SOD, ALT ↓ Liver: MDA ↑; GPx, SOD ↓ Mammary gland: GPx, SOD ↓, hyperplasia, MDA ↑
Serum: MDA (0 5, ++ 15 and 30), progesterone (+ 5 and 15, ++ 30), total bilirubin (0 5, ++ 5, +++ 30), E2 (++ all doses), LH (+ 5, ++ 5, +++ 30), FSH, ALT, AST (++ 5 and 15, +++ 30); GPx and SOD (0 5, +++ 15 and 30) Liver: MDA (0 5, ++ 15 and 30), GPx, SOD (0 5, ++ 15, +++ 30) Mammary gland: hyperplasia (0 5, + 15, ++ 30), MDA, GPx (0 5, ++ 15 and 30), SOD (0 5, +++ 15 and 30)
Only 30 mL/kg studied Serum: SOD ↑ Liver: SOD ↑
↓: a decrease vs. control; ↑: an increase vs. control; (+): a slight beneficial effect; (++): a distinct beneficial effect; (+++): a complete beneficial effect; (0): no beneficial effect.
