| | Reference | Plant preparation, dose, way and time of treatment, animals | The toxic substance, dose, way and time of exposure, and negative effects | Protective effects of plant preparation | Effects of plant per se |
| | Abdel Moneim [10] | Indigofera oblongifolia leaves water-methanol (1 : 2) extract
100 mg/kg b.w. p.o. daily, 1 h before Pb for 5 days
Male Wistar rats, 8-week-old, 150–180 g | Pb lead acetate acute toxicity, 20 mg/kg b.w. daily for 5 days, i.p.
Serum: AST, ALT, ALP, total bilirubin, TC, TG, LDL-c ↑, HDL-c ↓
Liver: relative weight, Pb accumulation, LPO, NO and H2O2, ↑, GSH, SOD, CAT, GPx, GR ↓
Liver: expression of mRNA of SOD2, CAT, GPx and Bcl-2↓, Bax and HO-1↑ | Serum: ALP, total bilirubin, TG, HDL-c (++), AST, ALT, TC, LDL-c (+++)
Liver: relative weight, Pb accumulation, NO, H2O2, SOD, CAT, GR (++), LPO, GSH, GPx (+++)
Liver: HO-1(-), expression of mRNA of SOD2, CAT, GPx, Bax, Bcl-2 (++) | Liver: GSH, GPx ↑ |
| | Long et al. [62] | Proanthocyanidins extracted from grape seeds (Zelang Medical Technology Company, Nanjing, China)
100 mg/kg b.w., p.o., six days every week for 6 weeks
Male Kunming mice, 3-week-old | Pb lead acetate 0.2% in drinking water for 6 weeks
Blood: Pb ↑
Serum: ALT, AST, ALP ↑
Liver: GSH, GPx and SOD ↓, relative mRNA expression of Nrf2, γ-GCS, HO-1 slightly ↑, Pb and MDA as well as relative mRNA expression of Bax, GRP78 and CHOP ↑, relative mRNA expression of Bcl-2 ↓ | Blood: Pb (0)
Serum: ALT, AST, ALP (++)
Liver: Pb (+), GPx, SOD, relative mRNA expression of Bax, Bcl-2 GRP78, CHOP (++), MDA, GSH (+++), relative mRNA expression of Nrf2, γ-GCS, HO-1 ↑ | Liver: relative mRNA expression of Nrf2, γ-GCS, HO-1 ↑ |
| | El-Boshy et al. [11] | Thymus vulgaris leaf ethanol extract
500 mg/kg/day, p.o., for 6 weeks
Sprague-Dawley male rats, about 150 g | Pb lead acetate 500 mg/L in drinking water, for 6 weeks
Serum: TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 ↑, INF-γ, IL-10 ↓
Liver: Pb, MDA ↑, GSH, GPx, CAT ↓
Kidney: Pb, MDA↑, GSH, GPx, CAT↓ | Serum: IL-1β, IL-6 (++), INF-γ and IL-10 (+++)
Liver: Pb (++), MDA, GSH, GPx, CAT (+++)
Kidney: Pb (++), MDA, GSH, GPx, CAT (+++) | Serum: IL-10 ↑
Liver: GSH, GPx ↑
Kidney: GSH, GPx ↑ |
| | Dua et al. [3] | Ipomoea aquatica and Enhydra fluctuans aerial parts aqueous extracts
Pretreatment
100 mg/kg b.w., p.o., for 5 days followed by cadmium chloride
Swiss male albino mice, 1-2 months, 20-30 g | Cd cadmium chloride, 4 mg/kg b.w., for 6 days, once daily, p.o.
Blood: RBC, HGB ↓
Serum: ALT, AST, urea, TC, TG ↑, HDL-c ↓
Liver: cadmium, ROS, LPO, NADH oxidase, protein carbonylation ↑, total coenzymes Q9 and Q10, CAT, SOD, GST, GPx, GR, G6PD, GSH ↓
Kidney: cadmium, ROS, LPO, NADH oxidase, protein carbonylation ↑, total coenzymes Q9 and Q10, CAT, SOD, GST, GPx, GR, G6PD, GSH ↓
Heart: cadmium, ROS, LPO, NADH oxidase, protein carbonylation ↑, total coenzymes Q9 and Q10, CAT, SOD, GST, GPx, GR, G6PD, GSH ↓
Brain: cadmium, ROS, LPO, NADH oxidase, protein carbonylation ↑, total coenzymes Q9 and Q10, CAT, SOD, GST, GPx, GR, G6PD, GSH ↓
Testes: cadmium, ROS, LPO, NADH oxidase, protein carbonylation ↑, total coenzymes Q9 and Q10, CAT, SOD, GST, GPx, GR, G6PD, GSH ↓ | Both extracts:
Blood: RBC, HGB (++)
Serum: ALT AST, urea, TC, TG, HDL-c (++)
Both extracts:
Cadmium burden, ROS, G6PD, NADPH oxidase: liver, kidney, heart, brain, testes (++)
LPO: liver, kidney, heart, brain, testes (+++);
Protein carbonylation: liver, kidney, heart, testes (++), brain (+++)
Total coenzyme Q9: liver, brain, heart, testes (++), kidney (+++)
Total coenzyme Q10: kidney, brain, testes (++), liver, heart (+++)
CAT: liver, brain, heart (++), kidney, testes (+++)
SOD, GST: liver, kidney, heart, brain, testes (+++)
GPx: liver, heart, testes (++), brain, kidney (+++)
GR: heart, testes, brain (++), liver, kidney (+++)
GSH: heart, kidney, brain (++), liver, testes (+++) | Not studied |
| | Olaniyan et al. [1] | Plukenetia conophora seeds methanol extract
100 or 200 mg/kg b.w., p.o., for 54 days after CdCl2 treatment
Male Wistar rats, 150-190 g | Cd cadmium chloride, a single dose 2 mg/kg b.w., i.p.
Serum: T, LH, FSH ↓
Epididymal semen: count of cells, motility, viability ↓
Testis: MDA and NO ↑, SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, Na+/K+ATPase, Ca2+ATPase, Mg2+ATPase ↓
Epididymis: MDA and NO ↑, SOD, CAT, GPx, GST ↓ | Serum: LH (0 100, + 200), FSH (+ both doses), testosterone (++ 100, +++ 200)
Epididymal semen: count of cells, motility, viability (++ both doses)
Testis: Mg2+ATPase (++ both doses), Na+/K+ATPase (++ 100, +++ 200), MDA, NO, SOD, CAT, GST (+++ both doses), Ca2+ATPase (+++ 100, ↑ 200), GPx (↑ both doses)
Epididymis: GPx (+ both doses), SOD, GST, Na+/K+ATPase and Ca2+ATPase (++ both doses), CAT (++ 100, +++ 200), MDA, Mg2+ATPase (+++ both doses), NO (+++ 100, ↓ 200) | Not studied |
| | Mężyńska et al. [5] | Aronia melanocarpa L. berries extract (Adamed Consumer Healthcare, Tuszyn, Poland)
0.1% aqueous solution in form of the only drinking fluid for 3, 10, 17 or 24 months
Female Wistar rats, 3-4-week-old | Cd cadmium chloride in diet 1 mg/kg (Cd1) or 5 mg/kg (Cd5) for 3, 10, 17 or 24 months
Liver: SOD (Cd1 3, 10, 17 m) and (Cd5 17 m) ↓; CAT (Cd5 17 m) ↓;
GPx (Cd1 3,10,17,24 m), (Cd5 3, 10, 17, 24 m) ↓; GR (Cd1 10, 24 m), (Cd5 10, 17 m) ↓; GST (Cd1 3, 10, 17 m), (Cd5 3, 10, 17 m) ↓; GSH/GSSG (Cd1 17 m), (Cd5 10, 17 m) ↓; H2O2 (Cd1 10, 17, 24 m), (Cd5 10, 17, 24 m) ↑; OSI (Cd1 10, 17 m), (Cd5 3, 10, 17, 24 m) ↑; MDA (Cd1 10, 17, 24 m), (Cd5 10, 17, 24 m) ↑ | Liver: SOD: Cd1 (+ 3 m, 0 10 m, +++ 17 m), Cd5 (+++ 17 m)
CAT: Cd5 (++ 17 m)
GPx: Cd1 (+++ 3, 10 m, ++ 17, 24 m), Cd5 (0 3 m, ++ 10 and 17 m, +++ 24 m) ↓
GR: Cd1 (+++ 10 m, ↑ 24 m), Cd5 (++ 1 m, - 17 m)
GST: Cd1 (+++ 3, 10, 17 m), Cd5 (++ 3 m, 0 10 m, +++ 17 m)
GSH/GSSG: Cd1 (+++ 1 m), Cd5 (+++ 10 m, ↑ 17 m)
H2O2; Cd1 (+++ 10, 17, 24 m), Cd5 (+++ 10, 17, 24 m)
OSI: Cd1 (+++ 10, 17 m), Cd5 (+++ 3, 10, 17, 24 m)
MDA: Cd1 (+++ 10, 17, 24 m), Cd5 (+++ 10, 17, 24 m) | Liver: CAT10m ↓, GR 3 m ↓, GSH/GSSG 24 m ↑ |
| | Ke et al. [12] | Pyracantha fortuneana fruits 60% ethanol extract
Pretreatment, 1 h before cadmium, 250 mg/kg, p.o., for 5 days
Male Wistar rats, 7-8-week-old, 150-170 g | Cd cadmium chloride, 6.5 mg/kg daily for 5 days, i.p.,
Body weight gain ↓
Kidney weight ↑
Plasma: UA, urea and CR ↑
Kidney: Cd accumulation, MDA, NO, expression of Keap1, Bax and TNF-α protein ↑, CAT, GPx, GSH, SOD, GR, expression of Bcl-2, HO-1, γ-GCS, NQO1 and Nrf2 protein ↓ | Body weight gain (++)
Kidney weight: (++)
Plasma: urea, UA and CR (++)
Kidney: Cd accumulation, MDA, NO, CAT, GPx, GSH, SOD, GR (++), expression of Bcl-2, Bax and TNF-α protein (++), expression of Keap1, HO-1, γ-GCS, NQO1 and Nrf2 protein ↑ | Kidney: expression of Keap1, HO-1, γ-GCS, NQO1, Nrf2 ↑ |
| | Kim et al. [73] | Dendropanax morbifera leaf 80% ethanol extract
100 mg/kg, p.o., daily for 4 weeks
Male Sprague-Dawley rats, 7-week-old | Hg dimethylmercury daily 5 μg/kg, i.p., for 4 weeks
Hippocampus: Hg concentration, ROS production, GST, MDA ↑, SOD1, total sulfhydryl content, CAT, GPx, GR ↓ | Hippocampus: CAT, total sulfhydryl content (+), Hg concentration, ROS production, MDA, SOD1, GST, GPx, GR (++) | None |
| | Jahan et al. [72] | Chenopodium album Linn. seed ethanol extract
200 mg/kg b.w., p.o., for 30 days
Sprague-Dawley male rats, about 240 g | Hg mercury(II) chloride, 0.15 mg/kg b.w. for 30 days, i.p.
Body weight ↓
Plasma: BUN, CR, cholesterol, TG, LDL ↑, HDL, T ↓
Testicular tissue: TP, CAT, SOD, GST ↓, ROS and TBARS ↑
Daily sperm production: ↓ | Body weight (+++)
Plasma: cholesterol, TG (-), LDL, CR and HDL (++), BUN and T (+++)
Testicular tissue: TP, CAT, SOD, GST, ROS and TBARS (++)
Daily sperm production: (+++) | None |
| | Gao et al. [4] | Rheum palmatum L. dried root and Rhizoma (Lixian Pharmaceuticals Company, Longnan, China) 60% ethanol extract
1200 mg/kg, i.g., daily for 7 days
Sprague-Dawley male rats,
140–160 g | Hg mercury(II) chloride, a single dose of 2 mg/kg, s.c., on the 5th day
Body weight: ↓
Serum: TP, ALB ↓ BUN, CR ↑
Kidney: GSH, GPx and CAT ↓
Renal tubule epithelial cells: swelling, necrosis, granular degeneration, interstitial vascular congestion ↑ | Body weight: (++)
Serum: ALB, CR, BUN (++); TP (+++)
Kidney: GPx, CAT (0), GSH (+)
Renal tubule epithelial cells: swelling (+), necrosis granular degeneration, interstitial vascular congestion (++) | Not studied |
| | Ghate et al. [50] | Drosera burmannii Vahl. 70% methanol extract
50, 100, or 200 mg/kg b.w., p.o., for 21 days from the next day after first injection of iron dextran
Male Swiss mice,
20 g | Iron-dextran 100 mg/kg b.w., i.p., five doses (one dose every two days)
Serum: ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin, ferritin ↑
Liver: SOD, CAT, GST, GSH ↓, LPO ↑ | Serum: bilirubin (+ 50, ++ 100 +++ 200), ALT and AST (++ all doses), ALP and ferritin (++ 50 and 100, +++ 200)
Liver: SOD (0 50, ++ 100, +++ 200); CAT, GST, and LPO (+++ all doses);
GSH (0 50, ++ 100 and 200) | Not studied |
|
|
