TBHQ Attenuates Neurotoxicity Induced by Methamphetamine in the VTA through the Nrf2/HO-1 and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways

Figure 9

The protective role of TBHQ related to Nrf2/HO-1 and PI3K/AKT. METH chronic exposure induced the body to produce excessive ROS. On the one hand, it leads to OS disorder by reducing immunocontent of PI3K, AKT, and p-AKT; on the other hand, it promotes apoptosis through increasing caspase-3. However, TBHQ activates the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, thereby reducing OS and protecting the normal signal transduction of the PI3K/AKT pathway to exert antioxidative stress and antiapoptotic effects.