Oxidative, Reductive, and Nitrosative Stress Effects on Epigenetics and on Posttranslational Modification of Enzymes in Cardiometabolic Diseases

<div>Damage induced to DNA by oxidative, reductive, and nitrosative stress. Abbreviations: CSE: cystathionine gamma-lyase; CBS: cystathionine <i>β</i>-synthase; 3MST: 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase; H<sub>2</sub>S: sulfhydric acid; O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>: superoxide; SOD: superoxide dismutase; H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>: hydrogen peroxide; OH<sup>·</sup>: hydroxyl radical; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; GR: glutathione reductase; GSH: glutathione; GRX: glutaredoxin; MSR: methionine sulfoxide reductase; GSSG: oxidized glutathione; NO: nitric oxide; ONOO: peroxynitrite; PARP-1: polymerase 1; OS: oxidative stress; RS: reductive stress; 8-oxo-dG: 8-oxo-d guanosine; BER: base excision repair; DNMT: DNA methyltransferases; SAM: S-adenosylmethionine; MAT1A: methionine adenosyltransferase 1A.</div>

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Figure 4

Figure 4: Oxidative, Reductive, and Nitrosative Stress Effects on Epigenetics and on Posttranslational Modification of Enzymes in Cardiometabolic Diseases 

Figure 4 | Oxidative, Reductive, and Nitrosative Stress Effects on Epigenetics and on Posttranslational Modification of Enzymes in Cardiometabolic Diseases 