Quercetin: Its Main Pharmacological Activity and Potential Application in Clinical Medicine

Table 1

The inhibitory effect of quercetin on bacteria.

Bacteria	Whether it has inhibitory effect	Mechanism
Aerobic bacteria [28]	Yes	Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis and destroys cell plasma membrane and energy metabolism
E. coli [22, 28, 29]	Yes	Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis and disrupts plasma membrane function
Pseudomonas aeruginosa [22, 28]	Yes	Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis and disrupts plasma membrane function
Salmonella typhimurium [22]	Yes	Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis and disrupts plasma membrane function
Staphylococcus aureus [22]	Yes	Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis and disrupts plasma membrane function
Drug-resistant E. coli [30]	Yes	By destroying bacterial cell walls and cell membranes
Bacillus subtilis [30]	Yes	By destroying bacterial cell walls and cell membranes
Enterococcus faecalis [31]	Yes	Inhibits the synthesis of Enterococcus faecalis naphthalate synthase
Mycobacterium [32]	Yes	Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside inhibits glutamine synthetase
Aerobes [29]	Yes	Inducing antibacterial effects by inhibiting the supercoiled activity and DNA cleavage of bacterial gyrase
Bifidobacterium [29]	No	\
Lactobacillus [29]	No	\
Streptococcus mutans [33]	Yes	Reduces dry weight of biofilm and total protein
Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa [34]	Yes	Destroys cell wall integrity and changes cell morphology to exert bactericidal activity
Acinetobacter baumannii [34]	Yes	Destroys cell wall integrity and changes cell morphology to exert bactericidal activity
Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa [35]	Yes	Through alteration of blaVIM, ompC expression, and cellular morphology of bacteria
Klebsiella pneumoniae [35]	Yes	Through alteration of blaVIM, ompC expression, and cellular morphology of bacteria