|
| Mycotoxin | Mechanism | Effect |
|
| ZEN [92] | Antioxidant activity, ROS production ↓, ER256 ↓ | Protecting HCT116 and HEK293 cells and inhibit cell apoptosis |
|
| a/b-ZOL [93] | ROS production ↓, inhibit a-zol, b-zol endoplasmic reticulum stress | Protecting cells from damage |
|
| AFB1 [98] | Reversing the negative regulation of GSTA1, increase GSH level ↑ | Inhibiting AFB1 biotransformation |
|
| AFB1 [105] | ↑ Increased the level of glutathione peroxidase, increase the activity of oxide dismutase, increased the activity of catalase, and ↓ reduced the lipid peroxidation reaction | Improved brain cognition and spatial memory, increased anxiety and drowsiness disorders |
|
| AFB1 [106] | ↓ Reduced ROS generation, ↑ antioxidant enzyme activity | Improved the learning and memory impairment of mice |
|
| AFB1 [107] | Cross the blood-brain barrier | Quercetin could be a potential neuroprotective approach to slow degenerative disease progression |
|
| Ochratoxin A [108] | / | Protecting cells from damage |
|
| Deoxynivalenol cytotoxicity [104] | / | Protecting intestinal caco-2 cells from damage |
|
| AFB1 [109–112] | Inhibited CYP1A-mediated 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity in liver microsomes | Affects AFB1 biotransformation remains |
|
| Citrinin (CTN), patulin (PAT), and zearalenol (ZEAR) [113] | ↓ Decreased cell viability and ↑ increased LDH activity | Protecting the cell lines from cytotoxicity |
|
| AFB1 [114] | ↓ Decreasing the rate of ROS formation, lipid peroxidation and improved cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and glutathione level and reducing levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase | Hepatoprotective effect |
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