Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants: A Step towards Disease Treatment

Table 5

MTAs in cancer models.

Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants/bioactive component	Models/clinical trials	Dosage	Effects/mechanism	Reference
SkQ1	HT1080 cells	40 nmol/L in culture medium	(1) Suppressed cell growth and prolonged cell mitosis; (2) Induced distribution and activation of Aurora family kinases	[132]
	Tumor cells in culture or mouse models	40 nmol/L in culture medium; 250 nmol/	(1) Decreased cell growth and the weight of subcutaneous tumors; (2) Prolonged cell mitosis and apoptosis	[132]
	p53(-/-) mice	5 nmol/ per day	(1) Delayed appearance of tumors; (2) Inhibited the growth of xenografts tumors and angiogenesis	[133]
	BALB/c mice in SPF environment	1 and 30 nmol/ per day	(1) Decreased the incidence of spontaneous cancers at the dosage of 30 nmol/; (2) Suppressed the cancer dissemination at 1 nmol/ dosage	[134]
	Benzopyrene-induced carcinogenesis in SHR mice	5 and 50 nmol/ per day	(1) Inhibited tumor growth; (2) Dose-dependent effects were observed	[135]
KRSH	HeLa and MCF-7 cells	50 nmol/L in culture medium	(1) Inhibited greater tumor cell growth than the normal cells; (2) Increased apoptosis of HeLa and MCF-7 cells, but not of MCF10A cells; (3) Accumulated in mitochondria and increased mitochondrial depolarization	[136]
Mito-TEMPO	N-Nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in BALB/c mice	0.1 mg/ weekly	(1) Increased animal survival ratio and decreased tumor incidence and tumor multiplicity; (2) Rescued the gap junctions and gap junctional intercellular communication of tumor cells	[137]

Notes: HeLa cells: cervical cancer cell line taken from Henrietta Lacks; HT1080: human sarcoma cell line; MCF-7: breast cancer cell line that consisted of the acronym of Michigan Cancer Foundation-7; p53: tumor protein p53; SPF; specific pathogen free.