4-tert-Octylphenol Exposure Disrupts Brain Development and Subsequent Motor, Cognition, Social, and Behavioral Functions

Figure 5

OP impaired learning and recognition memory in mice. (a) Schematic diagram of the novel object recognition test. (b) The vehicle group displayed more time approaching and in proximity to the novel object (vehicle; vehicle; , , ). The OP 10 mg/kg group showed no change in the time spent in novel object compared to vehicle (OP 10 mg/kg; , OP 10 mg/kg; , (, )). OP 50 mg/kg group displayed a significant lower in time spent in novel object (OP 50 mg/kg; , OP 50 mg/kg; , (, )). mice (8 males, 7 females) for vehicle, 18 mice (8 males, 8 females) for OP 10 mg/kg, 15 mice (8 males, 7 females) for OP 50 mg/kg. Statistical significance was determined by two-way ANOVA, familiar vs. novel object. familiar vs. novel object. NS: no significance. (c) In Morris water maze test, the mean escape latency for trained mice decreased over the course of the 9 learning days in all groups, but the vehicle group significantly improved the latency to locate the platform compared to the OP-treated groups; mice (7 males, 6 females) for vehicle, 18 mice (9 males, 9 females) for OP 10 mg/kg, 14 mice (9 males, 5 females) for OP 50 mg/kg. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA. ^## vehicle vs. OP 10 mg/kg. vehicle vs. OP. ^## OP 10 mg/kg vs. OP 50 mg/kg. (d) Representative swimming paths of vehicle- and OP-treated mice during a probe trial after training. (e–h) Quantification of (d). The OP-treated groups showed a slightly decrease in platform crossings compared to the vehicle group (, ). The OP 50 mg/kg group spent less time in platform compared to the vehicle group (, ). The OP-treated groups changed the swimming distances (, ) and swimming speeds (, ). Data represent . Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. vs. vehicle, vs. vehicle, vs. vehicle. ^## OP 10 mg/kg vs. OP 50 mg/kg.

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