4-tert-Octylphenol Exposure Disrupts Brain Development and Subsequent Motor, Cognition, Social, and Behavioral Functions

Figure 6

OP mice display social behavioral alteration in three-chamber tests. (a) Social interaction test was performed by using an open field apparatus. The OP-treated groups showed decreased interaction compared to the vehicle group (general sniffing, anogenital sniffing, following). (b) Quantification of total sniffing. The OP-treated groups displayed lower in the total sniffing time compared to the vehicle group (, ). Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. and vs. vehicle, vehicle vs. OP. mice (7 males, 6 females) for vehicle, 18 mice (9 males, 9 females) for OP 10 mg/kg, 15 mice (8 males, 7 females) for OP 50 mg/kg. (c) Representative heat map images of the three-chamber test explaining procedure of sociability and novelty 10 min sessions. (d, e) During sociability session, the vehicle- and OP-treated groups spent more time in the chamber containing an unfamiliar mouse “S1” than in the empty chamber (vehicle; , , (, ); OP 10 mg/kg; , , (, ); OP 50 mg/kg; , , (, )). However, the OP-treated group preference index was markedly lower compared to the vehicle group (, ). (f) During social novelty sessions, the vehicle and OP 10 mg/kg groups spent more time in novel chamber “S2” than in familiar chamber “S1”(vehicle; , , (, ); OP 10 mg/kg; , , (, )). However, the OP 50 mg/kg group spent almost the same amount of time in the two chambers (OP 50 mg/kg; , , (, )). (g) Social novelty index in the OP 50 mg/kg group was lower than that in the vehicle group (, ). Data represent . Statistical significance was determined between times exploring empty chamber and stranger 1 or times exploring stranger 1 and stranger 2 for each group and condition by a two-tailed Student’s -test. For preference index, statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. and vs. vehicle, ^# OP 10 mg/kg vs. OP 50 mg/kg. mice (6 males, 5 females) for vehicle, 16 mice (8 males, 8 females) for OP 10 mg/kg, 13 mice (7 males, 6 females) for OP 50 mg/kg.

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