Multiple Roles of 25-Hydroxycholesterol in Lipid Metabolism, Antivirus Process, Inflammatory Response, and Cell Survival

Figure 4

(a) The anti-inflammatory effect of 25-HC. 25-HC reduces IL-1 family (IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-18) release and inflammasome activity via inhibiting SREBP. 25-HC decreases NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome formation by reducing mitochondria oxidative stress. Furthermore, NLRP3 associates with SCAP and SREBP2 to form a ternary complex which translocated to the Golgi apparatus adjacent to a mitochondrial cluster for optimal inflammasome assembly, and 25-HC inhibits this process. (b) Proinflammatory effect of 25-HC. 25-HC amplifies the expression of proinflammatory factors (TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, MCP1, and Ccl2) and reduces the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. 25-HC promotes robust NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation via potassium efflux, mitochondrial ROS, and LXR-mediated pathways in brain.

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