Review Article
Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Intervertebral Disc Degeneration In Vivo and In Vitro: A Critical Review
Table 2
In vivo effects of PRP in IVD degeneration animal models.
(a) |
| Year | Study | Animal model | Dose | Size of sample | Time of analysis after injection |
| 2007 | Nagae et al. [35] | Rabbits, nucleotomy | 20 μl | 36 | 2, 4, and 8 weeks | 2009 | Kazuhide et al. [34] | Rabbits, nucleotomy | 20 μl | 128 | 2, 4, and 8 weeks | 2009 | Chen et al. [20] | Miniature porcine, chymopapain | No mention | 14 | 4 and 8 weeks | 2011 | GB et al. [36] | Rats, needle puncture | 100 μl | 18 | 2, 4, and 6 weeks | 2012 | Obata et al. [37] | Rabbits, needle puncture | 20 μl | 12 | 8 weeks | 2015 | Gui et al. [38] | Rabbits, needle puncture | 100 μl | 36 | 2 weeks | 2016 | Wang et al. [39] | Rabbits, needle puncture | 200 μl | 40 | 1, 2, and 8 weeks | 2016 | Yang et al. [22] | Rabbits, needle puncture | 15 μl | 24 | 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks | 2016 | Hou et al. [40] | Rabbits | 40 μl | 60 | 4 and 8 weeks |
|
|
(b) |
| Injection site | Activator | Results |
| Lumbar | None | PRP+GHM group decreased IDD and increased PG; PRP+PBS group showed no differences | Lumbar | None | PRP+GHM had greater DHI, water content, AGN, and COL II mRNA↑; fewer apoptotic cells in NP | Thoracic lumbar | None | PRP promote DHI and osteogenic MSC differentiation | Lumbar | None | Preserved IVD fluid content, decreased IVD degeneration | Lumbar | Autologous serum and 2 % CaCl2 | Increased cell proliferation, no statistical differences on MRI findings | Lumbar | 0.06 ml thrombin | DHI maintained, NP signal intensity maintained; significantly low MRI grading | Lumbar | None | PRP moderate effect on MRI, DHI PRP +BMSC: well-preserved ECM, cell density, increased T2 signal intensity, MRi grading, and expression of COL II | Lumbar | 100 U thrombin + 10% CaCl2 | T2 signal intensity: PRP > control or PRP+TGF-β inhibitor; histology: PRP-less degeneration, strong COL II staining, and Smad2/3-pathway activated | Lumbar | Thrombin+CaCl2 | COL II and PG staining and MRI grade PRP + BMP2 – BMSC > PRP + BMSC > PRP |
|
|
Abbreviations: ACT: activation; AGN: aggrecan; BMSC: bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell; BMP2: bone morphogenetic protein 2; COL II: type II collagen; ECM: extracellular matrix; GHM: gelatin hydrogel microsphere; IVD: intervertebral disc; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; PG: proteoglycan; PRP: platelet-rich plasma; DHI: disc height index.
|