Potential Role of Antioxidants as Adjunctive Therapy in Chagas Disease

Table 3

Summarized presentation of oxidative stress markers and effects of antioxidant supplements evaluated in T. cruzi infection and Chagas disease.

Antioxidant	Oxidative stress marker
	Mitochondrial function	NO production	Lipid peroxidation	PCN	Glutathione	SOD	CAT
PBN	+
Melatonin		X	+
Curcumin			+	+		D	D
Resveratrol			+			D
ASTX			X
DFX		X	X			I
Flavonoids (Morus nigra)			X
Vitamins C or vitamin E			X			X	X
Vitamins C/vitamin E			=		+
Carvedilol			=	X		XΑ, DH	X

+: studies show statistically significant changes of diminishing oxidative stress markers; X: studies show statistically significant detrimental results in oxidative stress markers; =: no changes in measurements in oxidative stress markers; I or D: studies show increase or decrease in antioxidant enzyme levels after antioxidant exposure, respectively; Α: animal models; H: human patients; NO: nitric oxide; PCN: protein carbonylation; glutathione: GSH, GPx, or GST; SOD: superoxide dismutase; CAT: catalase. PBN: phenyl-alfa-tert-butyl nitrone.