Mitochondrial-Protective Effects of R-Phenibut after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury

Figure 6

The effects of R-phenibut and S-phenibut (0.5 μg/ml) on mitochondrial functionality and Ca²⁺-induced swelling in isolated mouse brain mitochondria. R-Phenibut and S-phenibut did not affect the mitochondrial respiration rate (a) but significantly decreased the H₂O₂ production rate (b) and H₂O₂/O ratio (c). The results are presented as the of 5 independent measurements. P: pyruvate; M: malate; D: ADP; G: glutamate; S: succinate; U: uncoupler; Rot: rotenone; CI: complex I; CII: complex II; LEAK: substrate metabolism-dependent state; OXPHOS: oxidative phosphorylation-dependent state; ET: electron transfer capacity state. Indicates a significant difference compared to the control group (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test, ). Both R-phenibut and S-phenibut at a concentration of 0.5 μg/ml significantly attenuated Ca²⁺-induced swelling (d). The results are presented as the of 7 independent replicates. Indicates a significant difference compared to the control group (two-way repeated-measures ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test; ).

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