Research Article
Blueberry Extracts as a Novel Approach to Prevent Ozone-Induced Cutaneous Inflammasome Activation
Figure 6
Blueberry (BB) extract prevents O3-induced inflammasome activation and oxidative stress in ex vivo human skin biopsies. (a) Immunofluorescence staining for 4HNE (green), DAPI (blue), and merge in ex vivo human skin biopsies exposed to O3 for 5 hours, 0.5 ppm, directly after exposure, 6 h and 24 h postexposure (40x magnification). Quantification of the fluorescence is depicted in the right panel. (b) Immunofluorescence staining of ASC (green), NLRP1 (red), DAPI (blue), and merge in ex vivo human skin explants pretreated with 100 μg/ml of BB for 24 h then exposed to 0.5 ppm of O3 for 5 h at 0, 6, and 24 h postexposure (40x magnification). On the right panels, semiquantifications of the intensities of the signals of 4HNE (a) and ASC and NLRP1 (b) using ImageJ. Data are the results of three independent experiments. air vs. O3, § O3 vs. BBO3 by two-way ANOVA.
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