Metformin Promotes Axon Regeneration after Spinal Cord Injury through Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Stabilizing Microtubule

Figure 2

Metformin attenuated spinal cord tissue damage and motor neuron death and promoted functional recovery by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. (a) Representative western blots of phosphor-Akt (p-Akt) and total-Akt (t-Akt) in each group. (b) Quantification of western blots data from (a). ; and vs. the indicated group. (c) The BBB locomotion scores of the different groups at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 d after SCI, per group. (d, e) Quantification of the BBB locomotion scores at 7 and 14 d from (c). ; vs. the indicated group. (f) Representative images from H&E at 7 dpi. Scale bar: 1000 μm (4x). Scale bar: 200 μm (20x). (g) Quantification data of the percentage of the preserved tissue area from (f). ; vs. the indicated group. (h) Nissl staining of each group to test the surviving neurons at 14 d after SCI. (i) Footprint analysis results from the different groups.

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