Chloroquine Improves Deoxynivalenol-Induced Inflammatory Response and Intestinal Mucosal Damage in Piglets

Table 5

Effect of dietary RAPA and CQ on intestinal morphology following exposure to DON.

Parameters	CON	DON	RAPA+DON	CQ+DON	SEM	value
Jejunum
Villus height (μm)	352.63^a	323.54^b	259.51^c	341.10^a	19.93	<0.01
Crypt depth (μm)	86.70^b	97.31^a	78.21^c	90.20^b	3.46	<0.01
Villus height: crypt	4.07^a	3.33^c	3.32^c	3.79^b	0.09	<0.01
Wall thickness (μm)	159.24^bc	182.40^a	150.12^c	166.48^b	4.72	<0.01
Goblet cell number	8.50	9.17	8.17	7.67	0.14	0.32
Lymphocyte number	31.50^a	30.00^a	27.83^b	30.67^a	0.10	<0.01
Ileum
Villus height (μm)	325.30^a	267.71^c	223.00^d	297.78^b	20.14	<0.01
Crypt depth (μm)	89.19^a	88.27^a	77.80^b	87.54^a	2.81	<0.01
Villus height: crypt	3.65^a	3.16^b	2.87^c	3.42^a	0.14	<0.01
Wall thickness (μm)	160.20^a	168.36^a	94.80 ^b	159.06^a	17.59	<0.01
Goblet cell number	10.17	9.33	10.67	11.67	0.29	0.29
Lymphocyte number	31.50	29.67	30.50	29.33	0.10	0.25

CON: saline solution; DON: deoxynivalenol diet and saline solution; RAPA+DON: rapamycin and deoxynivalenol diet; CQ+DON: chloroquine and deoxynivalenol diet. ^a,b,cValues within a row with different superscripts differ significantly (). If “ab” is in the marked place the measurement is neither significant compared to “a” or “b”, the same of other.