Metformin Corrects Glucose Metabolism Reprogramming and NLRP3 Inflammasome-Induced Pyroptosis via Inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB/PFKFB3 Signaling in Trophoblasts: Implication for a Potential Therapy of Preeclampsia

Figure 1

Pharmacological MET concentrations alleviated LPS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome formation and trophoblastic pyroptosis. (a) CCK-8 assays of HTR-8/SVneo cells treated with the indicated concentration of MET for 24 h. (b, c) Flow cytometry assays and quantitative analysis were performed to determine the apoptotic rates in HTR-8/SVneo cells treated with the indicated MET concentration for 24 h. (d–h) Western blot analysis of NLRP3, caspase1-p10, GSDMD, and ASC protein expression and densitometry quantification of NLRP3 (e), caspase1-p10 (f), GSDMD (g), and ASC (h) levels in HTR-8/SVneo cells were cultured with 200 ng/ml LPS and MET at different concentrations, respectively (10, 20, 30, and 40 μM). (i, j) ELISA analysis of IL-1β (i) and IL-18 (j) concentrations in cell culture medium. Data are shown as the from three independent experiments. ns: not significant compared with the Con group. compared with the Con group. ^# compared with the LPS group. ^## compared with the LPS group by Student’s -test. SD: standard deviation.

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