PPARα Targeting GDF11 Inhibits Vascular Endothelial Cell Senescence in an Atherosclerosis Model

Figure 4

PPARα targets GDF11 expression. (a) β-gal staining showed that overexpression of PPARα significantly inhibited cell senescence. (b) Real-time PCR showed that PPARα significantly inhibited the upregulation of p16 and the downregulation of GDF11 caused by ox-LDL exposure of cultured vascular endothelial cells (200 μg/mL). (c) Western blot showed that the PPARα agonist significantly promoted GDF11 expression and inhibited p16 and p66shc expression. (d) EMSA results showed that PPARα bound to the labeled target probe, and partially to the mutant probe, indicating that PPARα could bind to the GDF11 target sequence and participate in the regulation of downstream gene transcription. (e) Double-luciferase reporter gene experiment results indicated that PPARα could bind to the GDF11-specific sequence. ^{, #}, ^{, ##}, : vs. control, #: vs. model.

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