Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Review Article

Antiosteoporosis Effect and Possible Mechanisms of the Ingredients of Fructus Psoraleae in Animal Models of Osteoporosis: A Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 5

GRADE evidence profile.
Quality assessmentNo. of patientsEffectQualityImportance
No. of studiesDesignRisk of biasInconsistencyIndirectnessImprecisionOther considerationsIngredients of Fructus PsoraleaeControlRelative (95% CI)Absolute
S-OCN (better indicated by lower values)
5Randomised trialsSerious1No serious inconsistencyNo serious indirectnessNo serious imprecisionNone6059—SMD 2.73 higher (2.2 to 3.25 higher)⊕⊕⊕O
Moderate		Important
BMD-femur (better indicated by lower values)
12Randomised trialsSerious1Serious2No serious indirectnessNo serious imprecisionNone150148—SMD 3.22 higher (2.04 to 4.41 higher)⊕⊕OO
Low		Critical
BMD-lumbar spine (better indicated by lower values)
7Randomised trialsSerious1Serious2No serious indirectnessNo serious imprecisionNone9292—SMD 1.76 higher (0.69 to 2.83 higher)⊕⊕OO
Low		Critical
BV/TV (better indicated by lower values)
5Randomised trialsSerious1Serious2No serious indirectnessNo serious imprecisionNone6060—SMD 3.29 higher (1.32 to 5.26 higher)⊕⊕OO
Low		Important
Tb.N (better indicated by lower values)
6Randomised trialsVery serious1,3No serious inconsistencyNo serious indirectnessNo serious imprecisionNone7272—SMD 2.64 higher (2.17 to 3.11 higher)⊕⊕OO
Low		Important
Tb.Th (better indicated by lower values)
4Randomised trialsSerious1,4No serious inconsistencyNo serious indirectnessNo serious imprecisionNone4040—SMD 0.57 lower (1.03 to 0.12 lower)⊕⊕⊕O
Moderate		Important
Tb.Sp (better indicated by lower values)
5Randomised trialsSerious1No serious inconsistencyNo serious indirectnessNo serious imprecisionNone5252—SMD 1.34 lower (1.78 to 0.89 lower)⊕⊕⊕O
Moderate		Important
Bone maximum load (better indicated by lower values)
6Randomised trialsVery serious1,4No serious inconsistencyNo serious indirectnessNo serious imprecisionNone7474—SMD 2.18 higher (1.75 to 2.6 higher)⊕⊕OO
Low		Critical
Elasticity modulus (better indicated by lower values)
6Randomised trialsSerious1No serious inconsistencyNo serious indirectnessNo serious imprecisionNone6464—SMD 1.62 higher (1.2 to 2.04 higher)⊕⊕⊕O
Moderate		Critical
GRADE working group grades of evidence: high quality: further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect; moderate quality: further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate; low quality: further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate; very low quality: we are very uncertain about the estimate. 1Some of the included studies did not report the implementation of blinding. 2Heterogeneity (, ) was found. 3No details of random protocol were reported. 4Some of the included studies lack allocation concealment.