|
| Stingless bee species | Type of extract or isolated compound | Cell lineage | Assays | Types of cell death | Mechanisms of action | References |
|
| Trigona sp. | Hydroethanolic
Ethanol/water 70/30 % | Human colon adenocarcinomas (HT-29 and Caco-2)
Murine melanoma (B16F1) | Flow cytometer | Apoptosis | NS | [56] |
| Melipona orbignyi | Hydroethanolic
Ethanol/water 80/20 % | Human leukemia (K562) | Flow cytometer | Necrosis | NS | [58] |
| Tetragonisca fiebrigi | Hydroethanolic
Ethanol/water 80/20 % | Human leukemia (K562) | Flow cytometer | Necrosis and apoptosis | NS | [55] |
| Trigona incisa | Methanolic
Fractioned (ethyl acetate and hexane) | Colon adenocarcinoma (SW620) | Flow cytometer | Apoptosis | NS | [100] |
Scaptotrigona depilis
Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides | Hydroethanolic
Ethanol/water 80/20 % | Human leukemia (K562) | Flow cytometer | Necrosis and apoptosis | NS | [36] |
| Plebeia droryana | Hydroethanolic
Ethanol/water 80/20 % | Human leukemia (K562) | Flow cytometer | Necroptosis and apoptosis | Activation of RIPK1 and increased caspase 3 | [77] |
| Trigona incisa | Cardol (5-pentadecyl resorcinol) | Colon adenocarcinoma (SW620) | Caspase activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, Western blotting | Apoptosis | Increased activity of caspases 3 and 9, PARP cleavage
Mitochondrial depolarization
ROS increase
Partial reversal of apoptosis with NAC | [71] |
Scaptotrigona bipunctata
Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides | Hydroethanolic
Ethanol/water 70/30 % | Human melanoma (SK-MEL-28) | Flow cytometer
Western blotting | Apoptosis | ROS increase
Reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential
Decrease in BLC-2 | [57] |
| Heterotrigona itama | Ethanolic | Human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) | Flow cytometer | Apoptosis | NS | [73] |
| Tetragonula biroi | Ethanolic | Gastric cancer (AGS, MKN-45, NUGC-4) | Flow cytometer
qRT-PCR
TUNEL assay | Apoptosis | Positive modulation of BAX and BAD transcription and negative modulation of BCL2L1 and BCL-2 | [16] |
| Trigona spp. | Hydroethanolic
Ethanol/water 70/30 % | Breast cancer cell line (MCF7) | Flow cytometer | Apoptosis | NS | [75] |
|
