Structural and Functional Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Jiangzhi Granules during the Amelioration of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Figure 5

The potential mechanism of the JZG at the molecular level. (a) Enrichment analysis of KEGG metabolic pathway for the NCD group in comparison with that of the HFD group; (b) enrichment analysis of KEGG metabolic pathway for the HJZ group in comparison with that of the HFD group; compared with NCD group, the relative expression of genes encoding for lipogenesis (c), lipolysis (d), fatty acid oxidation (e), and lipid transport (f) in the liver; (g) Western blotting analysis of PPARα and Fabp5 protein expression in the liver; (h) immunohistochemical staining for PPARα protein expression in the liver (magnification, ×400); compared with NCD group, the relative expression of genes encoding for inflammation in the liver (i) and in the terminal ileum (j); (k) compared with the NCD group, the relative expression of genes encoding for intestinal permeability in the terminal ileum; (l) Western blotting analysis of CD14 protein expression in the liver; (m) immunohistochemical staining for Occludin protein expression in the terminal ileum (magnification, ×400). ^# compared with the NCD group. compared with the HFD group. Violin plots display medians with interquartile ranges.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

(j)

(k)

(l)

(m)