Echinacoside Upregulates Sirt1 to Suppress Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Inhibit Extracellular Matrix Degradation In Vitro and Ameliorates Osteoarthritis In Vivo

Figure 9

ECH improved OA conditions in a destabilizing medial meniscus (DMM) mouse model. (a) The degenerative changes of articular cartilage in each group were assessed by X-ray imaging. The joint degenerative changes include the calcification of cartilage surface and the narrowing of knee joint space. Lesions of articular cartilage were indicated by black arrows. (b, c) Histological analysis and microscopic observation of cartilage destruction in each group were evaluated at 8 weeks postsurgery by safranin O staining (bar: 50 μm). The defects and destruction of cartilage surface indicated the osteoarthritis pathological changes of rat knee joint. (d–g) Immunohistochemical staining of Sirt1, MMP13, and Collagen II expression in the cartilage samples (bar: 50 μm). (h–i) Immunofluorescence shows the expression of cleaved caspase-3 in cartilage tissue. , . TBHP: tert-Butyl hydroperoxide; ECH: Echinacoside.

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