Oridonin Alters Hepatic Urea Cycle via Gut Microbiota and Protects against Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury

Figure 2

Oridonin (OD) attenuates urea cycle dysregulation against APAP hepatotoxicity. (a) Venn diagram of the unique and commonly changed genes in each group (–6). (b) KEGG pathway analysis of rescued genes (–6). Red boxes highlight pathways involved in amino acid metabolism. (c) The expression level of different amino acids in each group (–5). (d) Heatmap of expression of genes involved in urea cycle pathways in RNA-seq analysis. (e) qPCR analysis of urea cycle-related genes (). (f) Western blot analysis of Cps1 and Ass1 (). (g) Representative images of Cps1 and Ass1 immunohistochemical staining of liver tissues. (h) Urea cycle-associated metabolites by LC-MS (-5). (i) Correlations between hepatic amino acids and liver injury parameters. (j) Serum ammonia and urea levels (-8). (k) Schematic diagram showing the urea cycle. The data are presented as the . , .

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