Oridonin Alters Hepatic Urea Cycle via Gut Microbiota and Protects against Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury

Figure 4

Oridonin (OD) alters urea cycle and attenuates APAP-induced liver injury in a gut microbiota-associated manner. Mice were pretreated with antibiotics for one week and received the cecal contents from OD-treated mice or APAP-treated mice before APAP administration. (a) FMT experimental design. (b, c) Serum ALT and AST levels (). (d) Representative H&E images. (e) mRNA levels of cytokines and chemokines in the liver (). (f, g) Serum ammonia and urea levels (). (h) qPCR analysis of urea cycle-related genes (). (i, j) Western blot analysis of the urea cycle and Nrf2 pathway. (k, l) Hepatic GSH and SOD in both groups (). The data are presented as the . ; .

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