Genistein: An Integrative Overview of Its Mode of Action, Pharmacological Properties, and Health Benefits

Figure 4

Diagram with the main molecular targets and signaling pathways of genistein as a potential anticancer agent. Abbreviations and symbols: ↑: increase; ↓: decrease; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; mTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin; p21: cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor; p-ERK1/2: Ras-dependent extracellular signal-regulated kinase; MEK: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; ERK1: extracellular signal-regulated kinase; ROS: reactive oxygen species; AIF: apoptosis-inducing factor; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor α; E2F1: transcription factor 1.