|
Diseases | Key findings of clinical studies | Ref |
|
Cancers | Anticancer and cytotoxic activity |
Breast cancer | Short-term dietary soy stimulated breast proliferation and progesterone receptor expression | McMichael-Phillips et al. [238] |
Weak estrogenic activity | Hargreaves et al. [239] |
Breast tissue modulation Biodistribution of the phytoestrogens in this tissue | Bolca et al. [243] |
↓Risk of fibroadenomas | [244] |
↓Efficacy, ↓prevention for breast cancer possible adverse effect in premenopausal women | [245] |
Endometrial cancer | ↓Endometrial hyperplasia without atypia, ↓endometrial thickness, ↑estrogen receptor beta (ER-β1) staining | [9] |
Prostate cancer | ↓Serum cholesterol No effects on biomarkers prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and p105erB-2 | Urban et al. [250] |
↓Androgen-related biomarkers (KLK4), ↓cell cycle-related genes (p27Kip1) | [254] |
↑Apoptosis in low- to moderate-grade tumors | [256] |
Urinary tract cancer | ↑Superoxide generation after cisplatin treatment, ↓protein kinase | Yasuda et al. [265] |
↓Phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor (p-EGFR), ↓cell proliferation | Messing et al. [160] |
Pancreatic cancer | ↓Akt, ↓NF-κB | El-Rayes et al. [266] |
Colon cancer | No effect on colorectal epithelial cell proliferation | Adams et al. [268] |
Menopause | ↓Climacteric symptoms: ↓hot flushes, ↓visfatin, ↓insomnia, ↓depression | [269] [270]. |
Diabetes and lipid metabolism | ↓Risk of diabetes | [280] |
↑Antioxidant effect on retinal cells in preretinopathic diabetes patients | [281] |
↑HDL, ↑apolipoprotein A-1, ↓LDL, ↓apolipoprotein B | [276] |
Neurodegenerative diseases | Genistein did not show an improvement in cognition capacities in the elderly with Alzheimer’s disease | [284] |
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