Review Article

Paclitaxel: Application in Modern Oncology and Nanomedicine-Based Cancer Therapy

Table 1

The effect of paclitaxel nanoformulation against different types of cancer.

Paclitaxel nanoformulationTarget tissue/type of cancerMode of deliveryReference

Nanoformulated paclitaxel and AZD9291Lung cancerAZD9291-loaded disulfide cross-linking micelles (DCMs)[94]
Low-dose nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-PTX)HER2-negative metastatic breast cancerAlbumin nanoparticles[95, 96]
Nab-paclitaxel–gemcitabine combinationPancreatic cancerAlbumin nanoparticles[97]
Milk-derived exosomal formulation of PAC (ExoPAC)Lung cancerExosomes[98]
PTX-GemC12-LNC formulationBrain tumour (glioblastoma)Liquid nanoparticle[99]
Paclitaxel-loaded PCL-TPGS nanoparticles:
PTX-loaded poly(caprolactone)–alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (PCL-TPGS) NPs
Breast cancerPCL-TPGS copolymer[100]
Paclitaxel-loaded poly(glycolide-co-ε-caprolactone)-b-D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 2000 succinate nanoparticles (PTX-loaded (PGA-co-PCL)-b-TPGS2kLung cancerAmphiphilic copolymer (PGA-co-PCL)-b-TPGS2k[101]
Paclitaxel and superparamagnetic iron oxide-loaded PEGylated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based nanoparticles (PTX/SPIO-NPs)GlioblastomaSuperparamagnetic iron oxide-PEGylated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-based nanoparticles[102]
PTX micellesPulmonary carcinomaPoly(ethylene glycol)-poly(3-caprolactone) copolymers (MPEG-PCL micelles)[103]
Paclitaxel-loaded vitamin E-TPGS nanoparticlesLung cancer
Breast cancer
Colorectal cancer
Brain cancer
Prostate cancer
TPGS nanoparticles[75, 100, 104107]
PTX nanomicelles using poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) (SMA); SMA-PTX micellesMurine orthotopic colon cancer modelPoly(styrene-co-maleic acid)[108]
Lumbrokinase/paclitaxel/poly(ethylene glycol)-b-(poly(ethylenediamine l-glutamate)-g-poly(ε-benzyoxycarbonyl-l-lysine)-r-poly(l-lysine)) LK/PTX/PEG-b-(PELG-g-(PZLL-r-PLL))Bladder cancerPoly(ethylene glycol)-b-(poly(ethylenediamine l-glutamate)-g-poly(ε-benzyoxycarbonyl-l-lysine)-r-poly(l-lysine))[109]
Paclitaxel dimer-methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)2K-block-poly(D,L-lactide)2K (PTX dimer)/PEG-PDLLA formulationsCervical cancerMethoxypoly(ethylene glycol)2K-block-poly(D,L-lactide)2K (PEG-PDLLA) micelles[110]
PTX-loaded redox-sensitive HSV nanoparticlesLung cancerHyaluronic acid-disulfide-vitamin E succinate (HA-SS-VES, HSV) conjugate[111]
Thermostable RNA-PTX nanoparticles (4WJ-X-24 PTX nanoparticles)Breast cancerRNA nanoparticles[112]