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Type of exercise | Most common research areas | Advantage | Disadvantage |
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Aerobic |
Voluntary wheel running | Aging, cardiovascular research, behavioral research, cancer research, metabolic research, stroke, liver and kidney disease, bone and muscle physiology, memory | Nonstressful | Uncontrollable (intensity, duration) Possible paw injuries |
Forced wheel running | Aging, cardiovascular research, behavioral research, cancer research, metabolic research, stroke, liver and kidney disease, bone and muscle physiology, memory | Controllable (intensity, duration, frequency) | Stressful Possible paw injuries |
Treadmill running | Cardiovascular research, behavioral research, cancer, metabolic research, stroke, liver and kidney disease, bone and muscle physiology, memory | Controllable (intensity, duration, frequency) | Stressful Possible paw injuries Expensive apparatus |
Swimming | Aging, cardiovascular research, behavioral research, cancer, metabolic research, stroke, liver and kidney disease, bone and muscle physiology, memory, spinal cord injury | No paw injuries Less expensive apparatus | Stressful |
Anaerobic (resistance) |
Ladder climbing | Memory, behavioral research Muscle hypertrophy model | With familiarization, it is less stressful | Long familiarization process |
Weight lifting | Muscle hypertrophy model | Similar to human training Quantitative | Stressful to animals Special equipment is needed |
Electric stimulation of the muscles | Muscle hypertrophy model Muscle injury | Controlled muscle stimulation Quantitative | Anesthesia Surgery Artificial muscle contraction |
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