Research Article
Shenjinhuoxue Mixture Attenuates Inflammation, Pain, and Cartilage Degeneration by Inhibiting TLR-4 and NF-κB Activation in Rats with Osteoarthritis: A Synergistic Combination of Multitarget Active Phytochemicals
Figure 5
TLR4, RANKL, IRAK1, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MMP3 levels of synovium and cartilage of OA rat knees in C, COA, SHM, and P groups. (a) TNF- α , IL-6, and IL-1β levels were measured by ELISA kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions. (b) TLR4, IRAK1, MMP3, and RANKL levels were measured and quantified by Western blot analysis with β-actin as a protein loading control. Pathological changes of synovial and cartilage of rat knees in pharmacology experiment. (c) Representative images of synovium and cartilage sections immunohistochemically stained for nuclear NF-κB-p65 and TRPV1 (dark brown) in OA rats. (d) Quantification of nuclear NF-κB-p65 and TRPV1 levels with their distributions was detected by immunohistochemically staining in synovium and cartilage (). Images of keen joints were stained by (e) TB and (f) H&E.
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