[Retracted] Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and Their Potential Agents in Hematological Diseases

Figure 2

The biological mechanisms of MSC-exosomes. (a) Immunomodulatory effects of MSC-exosomes. (b) Reactions of MSC-exosomes in response to oxidative stress. (c) Interactions between tumor cells and MSC-exosomes. (d) Applications of MSC-exosomes in regenerative medicine. IL: interleukin; TGF-β: transforming growth factor beta; IFN-γ: interferon γ; CCL: C-C motif ligand; CXC: C-X-C motif chemokine; NK cells: natural killer cells; Tregs: regulatory T cells; DCs: dendritic cells; ROS: reactive oxygen species; I/R: ischemia/reperfusion.