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Disease | MSC sources | Exosomal cargo | Disease model | Biological effect | Ref. |
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Refractory GVHD | Human BM-MSCs | NM | Clinical case | Reduced proinflammatory cytokine and improved clinical GvHD symptoms | [37] |
aGVHD | Immortalized human embryonic stem cell-derived MSCs | NM | Mouse GVHD model | Enhanced Treg production, alleviated GVHD symptoms, and increased survival by APC | [95] |
aGVHD | Human BM-MSCs | miR-125a-3p | Mouse GVHD model | Prolonged the survival of mice with aGVHD and reduced the pathologic damage by suppressing the functional differentiation of T cells from a naive to an effect or phenotype | [27] |
aGVHD | Human UC-MSCs | NM | Mouse GVHD model | Lowered the number of CD3+CD8+ T cells; reduced levels of IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ; increased the ratio of CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+ T cells; and rose serum levels of IL-10 | [96] |
GVHD | Human UC-MSCs | TGF-β, IFN-γ, IDO, IL-10 | In vitro cell experiment | Promoted PBMCs to differentiate into Tregs via TGF-β and IFN-γ | [94] |
cGVHD | Human BM-MSCs | NM | Mouse chronic GVHD | Blocked Th17 differentiation and improved the Treg phenotype | [97] |
cGVHD | Human UC-MSCs | NM | Mouse chronic GVHD | Prevented skin fibrosis in the cGVHD mouse model by suppressing the activation of macrophages and B cell immune response | [98] |
MM/lymphoma/leukemia | Young and elderly healthy donor BM-MSCs | NM | In vitro cell experiment | Antitumor effect existed in the supernatant and not in exosomes; the antiangiogenesis effect depends on the age of donors | [43] |
MM | MM-derived BM-MSCs | miRNA-15a, IL-2, CCL-2, fibronectin | Mouse MM model | MM patient-derived BM-MSC exosomes promoted MM tumor growth while normal-derived exosomes inhibited the growth of MM cells | [42] |
MM | Human BM-MSCs and mouse BM-MSCs | MCP-1, IP-10, SDF-1 | In vitro and in vivo MM model | Favored MM cell proliferation, migration, and survival and induce drug resistance to bortezomib | [100] |
MM | Normal donors and MM BM-MSCs | NM | In vitro cell experiment | Decreased cells viability, proliferation, migration, and translation initiation with exosomes from normal donor BM-MSCs, whereas MM MSC-exosomes increased | [101] |
MM | Old and young MM-derived BM-MSCs | miR-340 | In vivo model of hypoxic BM in MM | Inhibited MM-induced angiogenesis with exosomes from young BM-MSCs, and miR-340 inhibited angiogenesis in endothelial cells | [103] |
MM | MM and normal tissue-derived MSCs | LINC00461 | In vitro cell experiment | LINC0046 was highly expressed in MSC exosomes and enhanced MM cell proliferation | [102] |
MM | Bortezomib-resistant or bortezomib-sensitive patient MSCs | lncPSMA3, PSMA3-AS1 | U266-luc+ xenograft models | Exosomal lncPSMA3-AS1 mediated resistance to proteasome inhibitors by regulating the stability of PSMA3 | [30] |
AML | Human BM-MSCs | S100A4 | In vitro cell experiment | Upregulated S100A4 and driven proliferation, invasion, and chemoresistance of leukemia cells | [106] |
AML | Human BM-MSCs | TGFB1, miR-155, miR-375 | Clinical sample analysis | Released TGFB1, miR155, and miR375 to mediate extrinsic chemoresistance within the niche in AML | [33] |
AML | HD or newly diagnosed AML patient BM-MSCs | miR-26a-5p, miR-101-3p, miR-23b-5p, miR-339-3p, miR-425-5p | Clinical sample analysis | Identified candidate miRNAs that provide new insights regarding leukemogenesis and new treatment strategies | [39] |
CML | Human UC-MSCs | NM | In vitro cell experiment | Enhanced the sensitivity of K562 cells to imatinib (IM) via activation of the caspase signaling pathway | [105] |
CML | Human BM-MSCs | miR-15a | CML xenograft tumor model | Inhibited CML cell proliferation, decreased their sensitivity to IM, and promoted IM resistance | [32] |
CLL | Human BM-MSCs | NM | In vitro cell experiment | Rescued leukemic cells from spontaneous or drug-induced apoptosis, enhanced their migration, and induced gene expression modifications | [40] |
Hodgkin lymphoma | MSC cell lines | ADAM10 | In vitro cell experiment | Induced release of cytokines, like TNFα, sCD30, or CD30 shedding by HL cells | [31] |
MDS | HD and MDS patient BM-MSCs | miR-10a, miR-15a | In vitro cell experiment | MDS BM-MSC-derived cargoes overexpressed miR-10a and miR-15a and enhanced cell viability and clonogenic capacity of CD34+ cells | [41] |
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